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  1. Kelsall, Emily
    In: Being a Therapist in a Time of Climate Breakdown ; page 11-13 ; ISBN 9781003436096; (2024)
    Buch
  2. Zaver, Henna
    In: Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects, 2020
    Online academicJournal
  3. Barreteau, Celine ; Crivello, Jean-Claude ; et al.
    2018
    academicJournal
  4. Hubler, Adam Keith
    In: Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects, 2017
    Online academicJournal
  5. Hubler, Adam Keith
    In: Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2017
    Online academicJournal
  6. 2021
    unknown
  7. 2021
    unknown
  8. Ni, N. ; Thaler, A. ; et al.
    2009
    academicJournal
  9. Zachary T. Johnson (11251372) ; Kelli Williams (3556088) ; et al.
    2021
    academicJournal
  10. Figure 3. Specific TGFBR2 ablation in retinal microglia induces abnormalities in microglial density, distribution, and morphology. ; (A) TG animals administered tamoxifen (TMX) 3 weeks prior, relative to wild type (WT) mice and control mice, demonstrated that TGFBR2 ablation resulted in increased microglial numbers and decreased ramification in the OPL. Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Analysis of CD11b+ microglia numbers in each animal (two retinas combined) using flow-cytometry showed a significant increase in microglial numbers in TG vs. control animals at 3- and 10 weeks post-TMX. Manual counts of Iba1 +microglia numbers (C) and proliferating Ki67+, Iba1 +microglia (D) in retinal flat-mounts from animals 4 weeks post-TMX demonstrated increases at the levels of the IPL, OPL, and subretinal space (SRS) in TG vs. control retina. (E) TGFBR2-ablated microglia 4 weeks post-TMX showed reduced process ramification and decreased dendritic area (as highlighted in outlines of individual microglial dendritic arbors). TGFBR2-ablated microglia demonstrated branched morphologies (example shown in yellow box, expanded in inset) that showed close adherent contact with IB4-labelled (red) retinal vessels (arrows indicating points of contact). Scale bar = 100 µm. Morphological analysis of individual microglia showed significant decreases in the number of branch points (F) and in the areas of individual arbors (G) of microglia in both IPL and OPL in TGFBR2-ablated microglia. Despite having increased numbers of total microglia, TMX-treated TG retinas have a greater proportion of retinal area not directly occupied by microglial processes (H, areas highlighted in blue), indicating decreased microglial coverage. Graphical data are presented as means ± SEM; p values are from unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction, data points in (C), (D), and (H) represent four individual imaging fields from three animals in each group, those in (F) and (G) represent 16 individual microglia cells from four animals in each group).
    2019
    unknown
  11. 2019
    unknown
  12. Figure 4. Constitutive expression of microglial ‘sensome’ genes are downregulated upon TGFBR2 ablation in retinal microglia. ; (A) Retinal microglia from control and TG mice were isolated by flow-cytometry 2 weeks following tamoxifen (TMX) administration and mRNA levels of microglial ‘sensome’ genes compared using qPCR. mRNA levels of Cx3cr1, P2yr12, Tmem119, and Siglech were all significantly decreased in microglia from TG vs. control mice. (B) Microglia from the retinas of WT mice were cultured and exposed to media containing TGFB1 (10 or 20 ng/ml), or TGFB2 (10 ng/ml) (media containing 10 ng/ml of BSA served as a control), and mRNA levels of microglial ‘sensome’ genes compared following 24 hr of exposure. mRNA levels of Tmem119 and Siglech were increased by TGFBR2 ligands (TGFB1 or TGFB2), indicating positive regulation of microglial ‘sensome’ genes via TGFBR2-mediated signaling. (C, D) As TG animals contained an IRES-EYFP cassette 3’ to CreERT recombinase in the Cx3cr1 locus, EYFP expression, as regulated by the Cx3cr1 promoter, could be constitutively detected in IBA1-immunopositive retinal microglia in control animals. In TG animals at 3 weeks post-TMX, Cx3cr1-driven EYFP fluorescence was diminished in Iba1+ microglia, indicating downregulation of Cx3cr1 promoter activity. (E, G) Immunohistochemical analysis of TMEM119 showed strong colocalization with Iba1 in microglia of control animals but decreased immunopositivity in TGFBR2-ablated microglia in TG animals. Scale bars = 100 µm. Graphical data in (A), (B), (D) and (F) are presented as means ± SEM; p values in (A), (D), and (F) are from multiple t-tests, while that in (B) are from 2-way ANOVA analysis with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, * indicate p
    2019
    unknown
  13. 2019
    unknown
  14. Figure 7. TGFBR2 ablation in retinal microglia induces degenerative changes in the retina. ; (A, B) In vivo evaluation of retinal structure by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in control animals and in TG animals 3 and 10 weeks following tamoxifen (TMX)-administration showed a preserved lamination in TG animals (insets at higher magnification in yellow boxes) but a progressive and significant reduction in the total retinal thickness relative to controls. Scale bar = 300 µm. Significant reductions in overall thickness were contributed to by reductions in both the inner (measured from vitreal surface to the outer plexiform layer) and the outer retinal layers (measured from the outer plexiform layer to the apical surface of the RPE layer) (p values are from 1-way ANOVA analysis with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, data points are from 6 eyes of 3 animals). (C, D) Histological analysis of retinal lamina thicknesses in paraffin-embedded sections show significant decreases in the thickness of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) in TG animals 3 weeks post-TMX relative to controls (p values are from unpaired t-tests with Welch’s correction, data points are from 3 sections from four animals). Scale bar = 50 µm. (E, F) Evaluation for apoptotic retinal cells using TUNEL labeling demonstrated the emergence of apoptotic cells in both the INL and ONL in TG retinas 10 weeks post-TMX. (p values are from unpaired t-tests with Welch’s correction, data points are from 3 sections from four animals). Scale bar = 50 µm. (G, H) Comparison of electroretinographic (ERG) responses between control vs. TG animals 10 weeks post-TMX demonstrated in dark-adapted responses (G) a small but significant decrease in a-wave amplitude and a marked decrease in b-wave amplitudes in TG animals. Light-adapted responses (H) were similar for a-wave amplitude but significantly decreased in b-wave amplitude. The b-to-a amplitude ratios were significantly decreased in TG animals in both dark- and light-adapted responses for a range of flash intensities (p values are from 2-way ANOVA analysis, data points are both eyes of 8 control and 8 TG animals).
    2019
    unknown
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