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Primary and albedo protons detected by the Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry (LND) experiment on the lunar farside

Xu, Zigong ; Guo, Jingnan ; et al.

2022

academicJournal

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The Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry (LND) Experiment on Chang'E 4

Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F. ; Yu, Jia ; et al.

2020

academicJournal

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#682 Role of lymphadenectomy (LND) in advanced ovarian cancer (OC) –a subgroup analysis of the patients excluded from the original lion trial (the charité cohort)

Armbrust, Robert ; Fotopoulou, Christina ; et al.

In: Oral Sessions, 2023

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PO013/#435 Role of lymphadenectomy (LND) in advanced ovarian cancer (OC) -A subgroup analysis of the patients excluded from the original lion trial (the charité cohort)

Armbrust, Robert ; Fotopoulou, Christina ; et al.

In: Plenary 03: Oral Abstract Presentations – Ovarian Cancer, 2023

Konferenz

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A Systematic Review on RARC and LND

Goonewardene, Sanchia S. ; Ventii, Karen ; et al.

In: Management of Urology ; Management of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ; page 253-259 ; ISSN 2730-6372 2730-6380 ; ISBN 9783030579142 9783030579159; (2021)

Buch

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LND-Filtrations and Semi-Rigid Domains

Alhajjar, Bachar

2015

academicJournal

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FND, HND and LND results.

Ahmed Salim (6068240) ; Ahmed Ismail (2671822) ; et al.

2021

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Linked Neuron Data (LND): A Platform for Integrating and Semantically Linking Neuroscience Data and Knowledge

Yi, Zeng ; Dongsheng, Wang ; et al.

In: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics ; volume 8 ; ISSN 1662-5196, 2014

academicJournal

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LND

Brakmić, Harris

In: Bitcoin and Lightning Network on Raspberry Pi ; page 323-334 ; ISBN 9781484255216 9781484255223; (2019)

Buch

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Effectiveness of Literacy & Numeracy Drive (LND): A Students' Perspective

Ishaq, Kashif ; Zin, Nor Azan Mat ; et al.

In: 2019 International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC, 2019

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Removing the dose background from radioactive sources from active dose rate measurements in the Lunar Lander Neutron & Dosimetry (LND) experiment on Chang'E 4

Hou, D. ; Zhang, S. ; et al.

In: Journal of Instrumentation ; volume 15, issue 01, page P01032-P01032 ; ISSN 1748-0221, 2020

academicJournal

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Computational Paths -- An approach in the $LND_{EQ}-TRS_{2}$ system ...

Veras, Tiago M. L. ; Ramos, Arthur F. ; et al.

2020

report

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Figure 1. Silencing the clock network has differential effects on behavior and clock protein cycling in LD. ; (A–C) Silencing most of the clock network abolishes rhythmic LD behavior. GAL4 control (A) and UAS control (C) show bimodal activity patterns with M anticipation and E anticipation. Silenced flies (B) show no sign of anticipation neither in the morning nor in the evening. Flies show short activity increases at the transitions of day/night and night/day which are considered masking. Values in upper right-hand corner indicate the number of analyzed flies. (D) Behavior of per01 flies in LD 12:12. per01 mutants show behavior similar to clk856>Kir with no M anticipation, reduced E anticipation and short reactions to the light transitions. (E–F) Silencing PDF neurons alters LD behavior. (E) PDF-GS>Kir on Vehicle food does not express Kir. Flies show the typical bimodal activity with M and E anticipation peaks. The M peak is close to lights-on (ZT0) whereas the E peak is close to lights-off (ZT12). (F) Silencing the PDF neurons by adding RU 486 to the food causes an advanced E peak, similar to pdf01 flies. Values indicate the number of analyzed flies. (G) Morning Anticipation (MA) and Evening Anticipation (EA) calculated from A-C. Both controls show values significantly above 0.5 (pKir flies on the other hand show no signs of anticipation as indicated by anticipation indices indistinguishable from 0.5 (p>0.6937) (H) Morning Anticipation (MA) and Evening Anticipation (EA) calculated from D-E. per01 flies show no MA (p=0.5744), whereas there is a slight increase of activity toward lights-off (p=0.0027). Silencing the PDF neurons did not abolish MA (p=0.0004) and showed a significantly bigger EA compared to per01 flies (p=0.0391). (I-K) PER protein cycling is largely unaffected by neuronal silencing in LD. PER cycling in control brains (black data points ± SEM, pooled GAL4 and UAS, n = 6–8) is highly synchronized with peak levels around ZT0. Silencing the clock network (red data points ± SEM, n = 5–7) had little effect on LD PER rhythms in sLNvs (F(1,49)=0.93, p=0.3391) (I) and LNds (F(1,49)=0.35, p=0.5547) (J). DN1s appear dampened after silencing but 2-way ANOVA shows no difference between control and experimental line (F(1,36)=2.98, p=0.0930) (K). (L-N) PDP1 protein cycling is largely unaffected by neuronal silencing in LD. PDP1 cycling in control brains (black data points ± SEM, pooled GAL4 and UAS, n = 5) is highly synchronized with peak levels around ZT18. Silencing the clock network (red data points ± SEM, n = 5) slightly increased LD PDP1 rhythms in sLNvs (F(1,32)=15.74, p=0.0004) (L) but no effect on LNds (F(1,32)=2.71, p=0.1093) (M) and only a slight effect on DN1s (F(1,32)=6.06, p=0.0194) (N).

2019

unknown

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Figure 4. A clock in the LNds or the sLNvs can drive rhythmic behavior. ; (A) Schematic model of cell-specific knockout (KO) strategy. We generated a UAS-per-g line using the pCFD6 vector, allowing us to express three guides under the control of one UAS promoter (after Port and Bullock, 2016). We cloned three guides targeting the per CDS with guide one targeting the second exon shared by all transcripts and guides 2 and 3 targeting the 4th commonly shared exon. The guides will recruit the Cas9 protein and induce double-strand breaks and thereby cause mutations which lead to a non-functional protein. (B–E) Behavior of perKO using clk856-GAL4 in LD 12:12 reproduces per01 phenotype. Flies expressing Cas9 in the majority of the clock neurons (B) and flies with both UAS-constructs (D) show bimodal activity with an M anticipation peak around lights-on and an E anticipation peak around lights-off. KO of per using clk856-GAL4 (C) abolishes M and E anticipation similar to per01 flies. (E) Morning and Evening Anticipation are significantly reduced in the clk856-GAL4 mediated Knockout (MA: F(2,85)=18.6895, pCas9) and KO (clk856>Cas9, perG) staining against PER (magenta) and PDF (cyan). Control flies show PER staining in both, sLNvs and lLNvs, whereas there is no detectable PER signal in the PDF cells in the KO strain (E). Similarly, we see six LNds in the control and two LNds in the experimental flies, showing that some neurons can escape (F) The number of PER+ DN1s is strongly reduced in the KO strain and we do not detect PER in the DN2 neurons (G). (I–L) A clock in LNd or PDF neurons is necessary for rhythmic behavior. Clk856-GAL4 mediated KO reduces rhythmicity to less than 10% (H). KO in PDF neurons (pdf-GAL4) (I) or in the LNds (MB122B-split-GAL4) (J) had no effect on rhythmicity. KO in both places (Mai179-GAL4) significantly decreases rhythmicity (K).

2019

unknown

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Figure 3. tim mRNA cycling in sLNvs and LNds shows similar trends as protein cycling as observed by FISH. ; (A) Representative brain showing tim (left panel), pdf (middle panel) and a composite of both channel (right panel). Tim probes label all clock neurons and glial cells, whereas the pdf probes only label sLNvs and lLNvs. (B–C) tim mRNA cycling in LD 12:12 in sLNvs (B) and LNds (C). Control flies (black data points ± SEM, pooled GAL4 and UAS, n = 10) show high amplitude cycling with peak levels at the beginning of the night. Silencing the clock network (red data points ± SEM, n = 5) has only little effect on cycling amplitude or timing in LD. (D–E) tim mRNA cycling in DD5 in sLNvs (D) and LNds (E). Control flies (black data points ± SEM, pooled GAL4 and UAS, n = 10) show high amplitude cycling with peak levels at the beginning of the night. Silencing the sLNvs (D) leads to an overall reduction of tim mRNA levels and a loss of rhythmicity. In the LNds (E) silencing did not decrease cycling amplitude or shifted peak mRNA expression.

2019

unknown

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Figure 2—figure supplement 2. Adult-specific silencing reproduces PER cycling profiles. ; Flies were raised at 18 degrees and entrained at 30 degrees to allow network silencing. Flies were collected in 6 hr intervals in the fifth day of constant darkness. Control flies (tub-GAL80ts UAS-Kir, black data points ± SEM, n = 10) show robust cycling with peak expression around ZT0 in LNds and sLNvs and around ZT18 in DN1s. Silencing the PDF neurons (pdf-GAL4 UAS-Kir tubGAL80ts, blue data points ± SEM, n = 10) only slightly affected PER cycling in the sLNvs, which retain robust PER rhythms. Similarly, the LNds remain rhythmic, but the DN1 rhythms get more irregular. Silencing the entire network neurons (clk856-GAL4 UAS-Kir tubGAL80ts, red data points ± SEM, n = 20) causes the sLNvs to get arrhythmic. The LNds show no reduction in cycling amplitude and only a slight shift in protein cycling. The DN1s show a reduction of PER cycling amplitude.

2019

unknown

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Figure 4—figure supplement 1. Immunolabeling of cell-specific per KO using Mai179-GAL4, repo-GAL4 and GMR-ss00681-split-GAL4. ; Mai179-GAL4 is expressed in 3 out of 6 LNds, the sLNvs and shows weakly and variable expression in DN1 and lLNv neurons. We performed PER (green) and PDF (magenta) staining in Mai179>Cas9 per-g flies and found that 3 LNds were PER+, the sLNvs were PER- and one of the lLNvs was PER-. This nicely reproduces the expression pattern mentioned above. Asterix represents successful KO. Similarly, repo-mediated KO rendered glial cells PER-negative, whereas all clock neuron clusters remained PER-positive. GMR-ss00681-split-GAL4 drives expression in the sLNvs and specifically removes PER from these cells without affecting other clock neuron clusters.

2019

unknown

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Figure 3—figure supplement 2. Identification of differentially spliced AS events among the circadian neuron subpopulations. ; AS events that were differentially spliced in each of the circadian neuron subpopulations compared to another (DN1 vs. LNd, LNd vs. LNv and DN1 vs. LNv) were identified using JUM, respectively. The number and type of these differentially alternatively spliced AS events are shown.

2018

unknown

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Figure 2. Cry and CG10483 transcripts show neuron subtype-specific alternative splicing that is absent in the heterogeneous head sample. ; Neuron subtype-specific novel alternative splicing of cry and CG10483 are shown. RNA-seq data tracks derived from the neuronal samples are shown, with arcs representing splice junctions and the number of unique-mapped RNA-seq reads mapped to the junction across the arc. A percentage number is shown to indicate the usage of the specific junction or the corresponding splicing isoform. The orientation of the transcript is shown at the bottom: the red arrow indicates the direction of the promoter. The dotted lines indicate the region of transcript that is enlarged to highlight the alternatively spliced region. (A) The transcript of the blue-light photoreceptor, cry, has a novel alternative splicing junction in DN1s and LNds that is not observed in the head transcriptome: the first exon is spliced to a novel exonic region within the first intron. (B) The putative G-protein coupled receptor, CG10483, undergoes an exon-skipping event in LNds and DN1s that is not observed in whole heads. The skipped exon three is marked by ‘*’ and is skipped in ~10% of the CG10483 transcripts in LNds and ~30% of the CG10483 transcripts in DN1s.

2018

unknown

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Figure 7—figure supplement 1. Phase distribution of cycling AS structures in LNvs and LNds. ; The phase distribution of cycling AS structures in LNv and LNd neurons is plotted as a histogram (blue) with the phase distribution of all cycling transcripts overlaid (orange). In LNvs, cycling transcripts and cycling AS structures show a bimodal phase distribution in the mid-morning and mid-night. In LNds, cycling transcripts peak midday and cycling AS structures peak throughout the day.

2018

unknown

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