High-Dose Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hyperimmune Globulin and Maternal CMV DNAemia Independently Predict Infant Outcome in Pregnant Women With a Primary CMV Infection.

Background After primary maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy, infants are at risk for disease. Methods Factors predictive of infant outcome were analyzed in a database of 304 pregnant women with primary infection. These women were enrolled between 2010 and 2017 and delivered 281 infants, of whom 108 were CMV infected. Long term follow-up occurred for 173 uninfected and 106 infected infants at age 4 years (range, 1–8 years). One hundred fifty-seven women were treated with an average of 2 doses (range, 1–6 doses) of high-dose hyperimmune globulin (HIG: 200 mg/kg/infusion). We used a regression model to define predictors of fetal infection, symptoms at birth, and long-term sequelae; 31 covariates were tested. Results Four factors predicted fetal infection: a 1.8-fold increase (30% vs 56%) in the rate of congenital infection without HIG (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.2; P <.0001), a 1.8-fold increase (32% vs 56%) associated with maternal viral DNAemia prior to HIG administration (AOR, 3.0; P =.002), abnormal ultrasounds (AOR, 59; P =.0002), and diagnosis of maternal infection by seroconversion rather than avidity (AOR, 3.3; P =.007). Lack of HIG and abnormal ultrasounds also predicted symptoms (P =.001). Long-term sequelae were predicted by not receiving HIG (AOR, 13.2; P =.001), maternal infection in early gestation (odds ratio [OR], 0.9; P =.017), and abnormal ultrasounds (OR, 7.6; P <.003). Prevalence and copy/number of DNAemia declined after HIG. Conclusions Maternal viremia predicts fetal infection and neonatal outcome. This may help patient counseling. High-dose HIG may prevent fetal infection and disease and is associated with the resolution of DNAemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]