The effects of crop type, landscape composition and agroecological practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical smallholder farms.
In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Jg. 60 (2023-05-01), Heft 5, S. 859-874
Online
academicJournal
Zugriff:
In the tropics, smallholder farming characterizes some of the world's most biodiverse landscapes. Agroecology as a pathway to sustainable agriculture has been proposed and implemented in sub‐Saharan Africa, but the effects of agricultural practices in smallholder agriculture on biodiversity and ecosystem services are understudied. Similarly, the contribution of different landscape elements, such as shrubland or grassland cover, on biodiversity and ecosystem services to fields remains unknown.We selected 24 villages situated in landscapes with varying shrubland and grassland cover in Malawi. In each village, we assessed biodiversity of eight taxa and ecosystem services in relation to crop type, shrubland and grassland cover and the number of agroecological pest and soil management practices on smallholder's fields of different crop types (bean monoculture, maize‐bean intercrop and maize monoculture).Increasing shrubland cover altered carabid and soil bacteria communities. Carabid abundance increased in maize but decreased in intercrop and bean fields with increasing shrubland cover. Carabid abundance and richness and wasp abundance increased with soil management practices. Carabid, spider and parasitoid abundances were higher in bean monocultures, but this was modulated by surrounding shrubland cover. Natural enemy abundances in beans were especially high in landscapes with little shrubland, possibly leading to lower bean damage in monocultures compared to intercropped fields, whereas maize monocultures had higher damage. In maize, grassland cover and pest management practices were positively related to damage. Carabid abundance was higher fields with high bean damage, and increased carabid richness in fields with high maize damage. Parasitoid abundance was negatively associated with bean damage.Synthesis and application. Our results suggest that maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services on smallholder farms is not achievable with a 'one size fits all' approach but should instead be adapted to the landscape context and the priorities of smallholders. Shrubland is important to maintain carabid and soil bacterial diversity, but legume cultivation beneficial to natural enemies could complement pest management in landscapes with a low shrubland cover. An increased number of agroecological soil management practices can lead to improved pest control while the effectiveness of agroecological pest management practices needs to be re‐evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Ivyo vikuwako kuyana na mtundu wa mbeu, umo malo yalili naivyo vilimo, na nthowa zakalimiro zakupambanapambana, kweniso navyose vyamoyo ivyo vikusangika muminda yawalimi wachokowachoko: Kwakulingana ka kawiro ka zinyengo, ulimi wa walimi wachokowachoko ukuwa na vinthu vyakuzirwa chomene mu chalo muno ivyo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya chilengiwa vyakupambanapambana visangikenge kwakulingana na kakhazikikiro ka malo. Ulimi wa chilengiwa ni nthowa yakuzirwa na yakugomezgeka kuti tiwe na ulimi wakukhazikika na kugomezgeka iyo yasachizgika na kugwiriskika ntchito mu vigawa vya sub‐saharan Africa, kweni vyakusatira vya nthowa za ulimi zakupambanapambana mu ulimi wa walimi wachokowachoko kukhwaskana na vilengiwa vyakupambanapambana na ubale wa vilengiwa vyakupambanapambana vindasanthulike makola yayi. Mwakuyaniska waka, vinthu ivyo kukhazikika kwa malo kwiza navyo ngeti vivwati panyake utheka uwo ukubenekelera vilengiwa vyose na kovwira kuti ubale wa vilengiwa uwe uwemi uchali undamanyikwe yayi.Tikasola mizi 24 kwakulingana na umo malo yali kukhalira kweniso na umo malo yali kubenekelereka na vivwati na utheka ku Malawi. Mu muzi uliwose, tikasanthulamo kwakulingana na unandi wa chilengiwa pakugwiriska ntchito nthowa yakugawa chilengiwa pa malo ghankhonde na ghatatu (8 taxa) kweniso na ubale wa chilengiwa mwakuyelezgera na mitundu ya mbeu, vivwati na utheka uwo wabenekelera malo na unandi nthowa za chilengiwa zakuchepeskera tuvibungu twakunanga mbeu na nthowa zakupambanapambana za chilengiwa zakuwezgeleskera vundira mu dongo mu minda ya walimi wachokowachoko na umo wakulimira mbeu zakupambanapambana (ngoma pa zekha, ngoma kusazga na ntchunga na ntchunga pa zekha).Kusazgikilamo kwa vivwati vyakubenekelera dongo kukachepeskanga unandi wa vibenene na gulu la vibungu ivyo vikovwira kuvundiska dongo. Vibenene vingawanga vinandi mu minda ya ngoma pa zekha kweni vikachepanga mu minda umo muli mbeu izo zasazgika na mbeu za mgulu la ntchunga na minda ya ntchunga iyo yabenekelereka na vivwati vinandi. Vibenene, mitatavu na vibungu vikawnga vinandi na kwandana mu minda umo ntchunga zikalimika pa zekha kweni zikathaskikanga na vivwati ivyo vyazingilizga minda iyi. Vilwani vya chilengiwa mu ntchunga vikawanga vinandi mu malo ayo vivwati vingawanga vichoko. Ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ntchunga izo zalimika pa zekha zinangike pachoko kupambana na izo zikalimika mwakusazgika na mbeu zinyake apo mu ngoma izo zikalimika pa zekha, zikanangika chomene. Mu vingoma unandi wa utheka uwo wabenekelera dongo na nthowa zakuchepeskera vibungu vyakunanga mbeu vikaovwira kuti mbeu zinangike chomene na vibungu. Tili kusanga kuti vibenene vikuwa vinandi chomene mu minda umo ntchunga zanangika chomene na vibungu kweniso vibenene vinandi chomene mu minda umo ngoma pa zekha zanangika chomene. Kwandaniskika kwa vibungu kukukoleranako yayi na kunangika kwa ntchunga. Kusazgirapo nthowa zakupambanapambana za chilengiwa zakuwezgeleskera vundira mu dongo kukovwira kwandaniska mitundu ya vibenene na masanganavo.Kukamata na kugwiriska ntchito: vyakusanga vithu vikusachizga kuti pala tikupwelelera makola vilengiwa vyose na ubale vyachilengiwa vyose uwo ulipo pa minda ya walimi wachokowachoko vikukwaniliskika na nthowa yakuti sayizi yimoza yikuyana wose yayi kweni mumalo mwake tionenge kwakulingana na umo malo yose yali kukhazikikira kweniso na vyakukhumba vyakuzirwa ivyo walimi wachokowachoko wayikapo mtima. Malo ya vivwati ngakuzirwa chomene kusunga na kwandaniska tuvibenene na tuvibungu uto tukovwira kuvundiska dongo, kweni kulima mbeu za mgulu la ntchunga izo ni zaphindu ku vilwani vya chilengiwa kukovwira kusazgirapo pa nthowa zakuchepeskera tuvibungu twakunanga mbeu mu malo umo vivwati ni vyakuchepa ivyo vyabenekelera dongo. Kusazgirapo kugwiriska ntchito nthowa zinandi zakuwezgereskera vundira mudongo kukovwira kuchepeska tuvibungu twakunanga mbeu nanga uli umo vikovwilira na kuchepeskera tuvibungu utu kukwenera kuti kuwunikikeso makola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Titel: |
The effects of crop type, landscape composition and agroecological practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical smallholder farms.
|
---|---|
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Vogel, Cassandra ; Poveda, Katja ; Iverson, Aaron ; Boetzl, Fabian A. ; Mkandawire, Tapiwa ; Chunga, Timothy L. ; Küstner, Georg ; Keller, Alexander ; Bezner Kerr, Rachel ; Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf |
Link: | |
Zeitschrift: | Journal of Applied Ecology, Jg. 60 (2023-05-01), Heft 5, S. 859-874 |
Veröffentlichung: | 2023 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
ISSN: | 0021-8901 (print) |
DOI: | 10.1111/1365-2664.14380 |
Schlagwort: |
|
Sonstiges: |
|