Background: Information regarding the significance of platelet (PLT) count on outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who are treated with anticoagulants is limited. Methods: We conducted a monocentric observational retrospective cohort study of AF patients treated with either warfarin (n = 6287) or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (n = 5240). Patient were divided into 3 subgroups; low, normal and high PLT for counts < 150 K/ μl, 150–450 K/ μl and > 450 K/ μl, respectively. A multivariate Cox-regression was used to evaluate the association between PLT subgroups and clinical outcomes. Results: During follow-up [median = 40.6 months (IQR 17.6–60)], mortality (HR 1.36, 95 CI 1.1–1.74, p = 0.01) and rate of myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 2.4, 95 CI 1.28–4.57, p = 0.007) were higher in patients with high compared to normal PLT. Transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident (TIA/CVA) rate was lower in patients with low compared to normal PLT (HR 0.69, 95 CI 0.51–0.93, p = 0.02). A comparison between NOACs and warfarin demonstrated a significantly better clinical outcome for patients on NOACs in both the low (lower mortality rates) and normal PLT subgroup (lower mortality, TIA/CVA and systemic emboli rates). For patients on NOACs, low and high compared to normal PLT were associated with a higher combined outcome (HR 1.12, 95 CI 1–1.38, p = 0.047), and a higher systemic emboli rate (HR 7.07, 95 CI 1.66–30.25, p = 0.008), respectively. Conclusions: Abnormal PLT count is associated with different clinical outcome of AF patients on anticoagulants. Further studies are needed in order assess whether PLT level should influence strategies of anticoagulation.
Anticoagulation treatment is an important consideration in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is usually given based on CHA
The study included a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with non-valvular AF treated with either warfarin or NOACs in a tertiary medical center. Patients were included between June 2006 and January 2018. Baseline patient characteristics were retrospectively collected from coded diagnoses of hospitalization and outpatient clinic notes (S1 Table). Laboratory results were collected from digitalized medical charts. History of bleeding and alcohol consumption were included in the past history if the diagnosis appeared on the digitalized medical chart. Nevertheless, data on severity of bleeding and amount of alcohol consumption was not available. The study was approved by the Chaim Sheba Medical Center Institutional Review Board committee, and informed consent of individuals was waived as this study used retrospective data from regular care. The collected data were fully anonymized.
The results of complete blood counts were retrieved, and the mean of 2 consecutive PLT results was used to define the PLT subgroup, when available. All blood counts were done using the Beckman Coulter LH 750. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups: (
During follow up, 5 different endpoints were sorted from medical records and the national civil registry, including: all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident (TIA/CVA), systemic emboli defined as an acute vascular occlusion of an extremity or organ, and bleeding. Further details regarding severity and type of MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli or bleeding were not available from the digitalized coded diagnoses. In addition, 2 combined outcomes were defined, combined-1 in order to assess all adverse events (all 5 endpoints) as one outcome, and combined-2 which excluded mortality, since it may not be related to the PLT count or the anticoagulant treatment. Patients that did not have follow-up of at least 10 days were excluded from the current study.
Continuous variables were evaluated for normal distribution using histograms and Q-Q plots. Continuous and ordinal variables are shown as mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range [IQR] and nominal variables as n (%).
Differences in nominal variables between groups were assessed using a Pearson's chi-square test. Differences in continuous and ordinal variables between groups were assessed using independent samples T test, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test.
Length of follow-up was evaluated using reverse censoring method. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to describe events during the follow-up and log rank test was used to compare between nominal variables. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between the variables groups and outcomes after controlling for potential confounders. Age and gender were forced into the regression while history of CHF, DM, HTN, PVD, DVT/PE, IHD, fall, alcohol consumption, bleeding, use of aspirin, use of clopidogrel, Hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), mean platelet volume (MPV) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were initially included and then were considered for removal using backward section methods (Wald test was used and p> 0.1 was set as criteria for removal). In the multivariate analysis 5.2% of patients were dropped out due to missing data. Since this rate is low we preferred to use raw data rather than using imputation methods.
Significant p values were considered when p<0.05. All calculations were done using SPSS version 25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
After exclusion of 359 patients with either no follow-up (n = 109), no blood count sample (n = 239) or error in blood test results (i.e. 1 blood sample showing low PLT and the second showing high PLT) (n = 11), the study included 11527 patients, treated with either warfarin (n = 6287) or NOACs (n = 5240). NOACs included dabigatran (n = 951), rivaroxaban (n = 1330) and apixaban (n = 2959). Out of 11527 patients, 493 (4.3%) had one PLT measurement, while 95.7% of patients had 2 measurements. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups as defined above including: patients with low PLT (n = 1617, median PLT 129.5, IQR 114.5–141 K/ μl, 189 (11.7%) of them with PLT≤100,000), patients with normal PLT (n = 9739, median PLT 219.5, IQR 186.5–266.5 K/ μl) and patients with high PLT (n = 171, median PLT 508, IQR 470.5–577 K/ μl). Table 1 describes baseline patients characteristics. The rates of missing data are shown in S2 Table. Patients with low PLT were older, with a higher proportion of males and past history of IHD or CHF. Past history of DVT/PE was seen more often in patients with high PLT. Ejection fraction (EF) was higher in the normal PLT group, creatinine level was higher in patients with low PLT, and patients with high PLT had abnormal additional blood count measures (lower Hb, higher WBC and lower MPV). Differences in other baseline laboratory results are further described in the Table.
Graph
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of PLT subgroups.
Low platelets Normal platelets High platelets P value n = 1617 n = 9739 n = 171 Age, years 78.7 (71, 84.5) 76.6 (67.9, 83.4) 76.6 (65.7, 83.4) <0.001 Male 1163 (71.9) 4893 (50.2) 83 (48.5) <0.001 Past history CHF 579 (35.8) 2846 (29.2) 45 (26.3) <0.001 DM 475 (29.4) 2862 (29.4) 64 (37.4) 0.07 Hypertension 1036 (64.1) 6166 (63.3) 110 (64.3) 0.81 PVD 95 (5.9) 492 (5.1) 12 (7) 0.22 Past PE/DVT 64 (4) 456 (4.7) 17 (9.9) <0.001 IHD 766 (47.4) 3817 (39.2) 71 (41.5) <0.001 Fall 146 (9) 937 (9.6) 17 (9.9) 0.74 Alcohol consumption 43 (2.7) 212 (2.2) 2 (1.2) 0.3 TIA/CVA 338 (20.9) 2252 (23.1) 39 (22.8) 0.14 Bleeding 123 (7.6) 653 (6.7) 8 (4.7) 0.22 Aspirin 549 (34) 3457 (35.5) 58 (33.9) 0.45 Clopidogrel 148 (9.2) 999 (10.3) 17 (9.9) 0.39 Weight, Kg 75 (67, 87.3) 75.3 (65, 87.7) 72 (61, 86) 0.032 CHADS2 score 2 (1, 3) 2 (1, 3) 2 (1, 3) 0.01 CHA2DS2-VASC score 4 (3, 5) 4 (3, 5) 4 (3, 6) 0.89 Laboratory results EF, % 55 (40, 60) 60 (50, 60) 55 (45, 60) <0.001 Creatinine, mg/dL 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) 1 (0.8, 1.3) 1 (0.8, 1.3) <0.001 Hb, g/dL 12.2±1.8 12.2±1.8 11.1±1.7 <0.001 WBC, 109/L 7.1 (5.7, 9) 8.8 (7, 11) 11.9 (9.4, 15) <0.001 MPV, fL 9.6 (8.8, 10.6) 8.8 (8.1, 9.6) 7.8 (7, 8.4) <0.001 GFR, mL/min 59.2 (44.6, 73.6) 62 (48, 78) 63.5 (50.9, 85.6) <0.001
1 CHF = congestive heart failure; DM = diabetes mellitus; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; PE/DVT = pulmonary emboli/ deep vein thrombosis; IHD = ischemic heart disease; TIA/CVA = transient ischemic attack/ cerebrovascular accident; EF = ejection fraction; Hb = hemoglobin, WBC = white blood cells; MPV = mean platelet volume; GFR = glomerular filtration rate.
- 2
a ANOVA - 3
b Kruskal-Wallis test - 4
c Chi square test
Median follow-up time was 40.6 months (IQR 17.6–60 months). The cumulative survival at 1, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months was 98.4%, 85.9%, 77.6%, 70%, 63% and 56.2%, respectively and the number of patients at risk at these time points was 11219, 8199, 6011, 4397, 3126 and 2248, respectively. The number of patients with each outcome type by PLT and treatment groups is given in S3 Table. As baseline characteristics were different between the various subgroups a multivariate cox regression was used to evaluate the significance of outcomes after controlling for potential confounders. Since substantial number of patients (37%) did not have data on EF, this variable was not included in the multivariate analysis. Data for all other studied variables was available in 93.5–100% of the patients. Table 2 summarizes the results of the multivariate cox regression. Mortality (HR 1.36, 95 CI 1.1–1.74, p = 0.01) and the rate of MI (HR 2.4, 95 CI 1.28–4.57, p = 0.007) were higher in patients with high compared to normal PLT. TIA/CVA rate during follow up was lower in patients with low compared to normal PLT (HR 0.69, 95 CI 0.51–0.93, p = 0.02). Bleeding rate tended to be higher in patients with low compared to normal PLT (HR-1.27, 0.99–1.62, p = 0.054). Both combined endpoints were higher in patients with high compared to normal PLT. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing the above-mentioned differences as well as for the combined-1 outcome are presented in Fig 1.
Graph: Fig 1 Kaplan-Meier curves for clinical endpoints in patients with low, normal and high platelet (PLT) count.(A) Overall survival. Patients with high PLT (red line) had significantly higher mortality rate during follow up. (B) Myocardial infarction free survival. Patients with high PLT had significantly higher rates of myocardial infarction during follow up. (C) Transient ischemic attack/ cerebrovascular accident (TIA/CVA) free survival. Patients with low PLT (blue line) compared to patients with normal PLT had significantly lower rates of TIA/CVA. (D) Bleeding free survival. No significant difference in bleeding episodes was seen between the 3 groups. A tendency for higher bleeding rate was seen in patients with low compared to normal PLT. (E) Combined-1 free survival. The rate of the combined-1 outcome that included mortality, MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli and bleeding was significantly higher among patients with high PLT.
Graph
Table 2 Multivariate cox regression analysis for clinical outcomes.
Outcome Low vs. normal platelets High vs. normal platelets All Groups HR 95 CI P value HR 95 CI P value P value Mortality 1.08 0.98–1.19 0.1 1.36 1.1–1.74 0.01 0.02 MI 0.84 0.6–1.17 0.3 2.4 1.28–4.57 0.007 0.01 TIA/CVA 0.69 0.51–0.93 0.02 1.08 0.54–2.18 0.8 0.051 Systemic Emboli 1.16 0.69–1.93 0.57 1.43 0.45–4.53 0.54 0.72 Bleeding 1.27 0.99–1.62 0.054 1.14 0.56–2.29 0.72 0.15 Combined-1 1.07 0.98–1.17 0.15 1.3 1.03–1.64 0.03 0.04 Combined-2 0.99 0.84–1.17 0.92 1.53 1.02–2.27 0.04 0.11
- 5 MI = myocardial infarction; TIA/CVA = transient ischemic attack/ cerebrovascular accident; Combined-1 includes: mortality, MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli and bleeding; Combined-2 includes: MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli and bleeding.
- 6 *Parameters included in the final multivariate model for
- 7
a Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension - 8
b Age, Gender, DM, IHD, Clopidogrel, GFR, Hb, WBC - 9
c Age, Gender, Alcohol consumption, past TIA/CVA, GFR - 10
d Age, Gender, past PE/DVT, Aspirin, WBC - 11
e Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, past PE/DVT, Bleeding, GFR, Hb, WBC - 12
f Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, PVD, past PE/DVT, IHD, Fall, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, Aspirin, GFR, Hb, WBC - 13
g Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, past PE/DVT, IHD, Alcohol consumption, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, Clopidogrel, GFR, WBC - 14 **p value for comparison of the 3 patients' subgroups.
Table 3 presents baseline characteristics of patients treated with NOACs compared to warfarin in the various PLT subgroups. In patients with low PLT, those treated with NOACs were older, and a higher percentage of patients had past history of DM, HTN, IHD, TIA/CVA, previous fall and bleeding. More patients on NOACs were also treated with clopidogrel, and had higher CHADS
Graph
Table 3 Baseline characteristics of patients treated with warfarin vs. non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
Low platelet Normal platelet High platelet Warfarin NOAC p value Warfarin NOAC p value Warfarin NOAC p value n = 905 n = 712 n = 5272 n = 4467 n = 110 n = 61 Age, years 77.7 (70.1, 83.7) 79.7 (71.9, 85.5) <0.001 75.6 (66.4, 82.7) 77.7 (69.5, 84.4) <0.001 72.2 (64, 81.1) 79.5 (70.6, 85.5) 0.001 Male 654 (72.3) 509 (71.5) 0.74 2672 (50.7) 2221 (49.7) 0.35 56 (50.9) 27 (44.3) 0.43 Medical history CHF 320 (35.4) 259 (36.4) 0.67 1471 (27.9) 1375 (30.8) 0.02 24 (21.8) 21 (34.4) 0.1 DM 233 (25.7) 242 (34) <0.001 1375 (26.1) 1486 (33.3) <0.001 35 (31.8) 29 (47.5) 0.049 Hypertension 527 (58.2) 509 (71.5) <0.001 3054 (57.9) 3112 (69.7) <0.001 57 (51.8) 53 (86.9) <0.001 PVD 46 (5.1) 49 (6.9) 0.14 234 (4.4) 258 (5.8) 0.003 7 (6.4) 5 (8.2) 0.76 Past DVT/PE 37 (4.1) 27 (3.8) 0.8 254 (4.8) 202 (4.5) 0.5 12 (10.9) 5 (8.2) 0.6 IHD 403 (44.5) 363 (51) 0.01 1945 (36.9) 1872 (41.9) <0.001 44 (40) 27 (44.3) 0.62 Fall 53 (5.9) 93 (13.1) <0.001 303 (5.7) 634 (14.2) <0.001 9 (8.2) 8 (13.1) 0.42 Alcohol 19 (2.1) 24 (3.4) 0.12 106 (2) 106 (2.4) 0.24 2 (1.8) 0 (0) 0.53 TIA/CVA 155 (17.1) 183 (25.7) <0.001 993 (18.8) 1259 (28.2) <0.001 22 (20) 17 (27.9) 0.26 Bleeding 51 (5.6) 72 (10.1) 0.001 253 (4.8) 400 (9) <0.001 4 (3.6) 4 (6.6) 0.46 Aspirin 304 (33.6) 245 (34.4) 0.75 1914 (36.3) 1543 (34.5) 0.07 41 (37.3) 17 (27.9) 0.24 Clopidogrel 56 (6.2) 92 (12.9) <0.001 411 (7.8) 588 (13.2) <0.001 7 (6.4) 10 (16.4) 0.06 Weight, Kg 75 (66.9, 87) 76 (68, 89) 0.09 75 (65, 87) 76 (66, 88) 0.001 73.7 (62.5, 86) 71 (60.5, 87.7) 0.5 CHADS2 score 2 (1, 3) 3 (2, 4) <0.001 2 (1, 3) 2 (1, 4) <0.001 2 (1, 3) 3 (2, 4) <0.001 CHA2DS2-VASC score 4 (2, 5) 4 (3, 5) <0.001 4 (2, 5) 4 (3, 6) <0.001 3 (2, 5) 5 (3, 6) <0.001 Laboratory EF, % 55 (35, 60) 55 (42, 60) <0.001 55 (45, 60) 60 (50, 60) <0.001 56.5 (46.3, 60) 50 (45, 60) 0.57 Creatinine, mg/dL 1.2 (1, 1.5) 1 (0.9, 1.3) <0.001 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) 1 (0.8, 1.2) <0.001 1.1 (0.8, 1.3) 0.8 (0.7, 1.2) <0.001 Hb, g/dL 12.1±1.9 12.4±1.8 0.001 12.1±1.9 12.4±1.8 <0.001 11.3±1.7 10.9±1.5 0.1 WBC, 109/L 7.1 (5.7, 9.2) 7.2 (5.8, 9) 0.6 8.8 (7.1, 11) 8.8 (7.1, 11) 0.86 12.2 (9.7, 15.6) 11.1 (8.3, 14.4) 0.07 MPV, fL 9.6 (8.7, 10.5) 9.7 (8.9, 10.7) 0.03 8.8 (8.1, 9.6) 8.8 (8.1, 9.7) 0.02 7.8 (7, 8.3) 7.8 (7.1, 8.5) 0.88 GFR, mL/min 55.6 (41.4, 68.3) 64 (49.3, 81.6) <0.001 58.2 (44.7, 71.9) 67.8 (52.5, 84.9) <0.001 59.8 (49.4, 70.6) 74.3 (53.8, 104.5) 0.002
- 15 CHF = congestive heart failure; DM = diabetes mellitus; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; PE/DVT = pulmonary emboli/ deep vein thrombosis; IHD = ischemic heart disease; TIA/CVA = transient ischemic attack/ cerebrovascular accident; EF = ejection fraction; Hb = hemoglobin, WBC = white blood cells; MPV = mean platelet volume; GFR = glomerular filtration rate.
- 16
a chi square test - 17
b Independent sample T test - 18
c Mann-Whitney test
A multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that in the low PLT subgroup, mortality was lower in patients treated with NOACs compared to warfarin (HR 0.78, 95 CI 0.64–0.96, p = 0.02) (Table 4). In the normal PLT subgroup treatment with NOACs was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.69, 95 CI 0.63–0.76, p<0.001), TIA/CVA (HR 0.8, 95 CI 0.65–0.99, p = 0.04), systemic emboli (HR 0.6, 95 CI 0.38–0.96, p = 0.03) and in the combined-1 outcome (HR 0.76, 95 CI 0.69–0.82, p<0.001). In the high PLT subgroup, low number of events precluded subgroup analysis for MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli, bleeding and combined-2. There was no difference in outcome in mortality and combined-1 outcomes.
Graph
Table 4 Multivariate cox regression analysis for clinical outcomes in patients treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to warfarin.
Low platelet Normal platelet High platelet Outcome HR 95 CI P value HR 95 CI P value HR 95 CI P value Mortality 0.78 0.64–0.96 0.02 0.69 0.63–0.76 <0.001 0.64 0.35–1.2 0.14 MI 1.8 0.95–3.4 0.07 0.93 0.7–1.2 0.59 TIA/CVA 1.2 0.68–2,2 0.5 0.8 0.65–0.99 0.04 Systemic Emboli 0.6 0.38–0.96 0.03 Bleeding 0.95 0.58–1.56 0.83 0.89 0.7–1.12 0.33 Combined-1 0.94 0.78–1.13 0.54 0.76 0.69–0.82 <0.001 0.71 0.41–1.23 0.22 Combined-2 1.3 0.93–1.8 0.13 0.9 0.78–1.03 0.13
- 19 MI = myocardial infarction; TIA/CVA = transient ischemic attack/ cerebrovascular accident; Combined-1 includes: mortality, MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli and bleeding; Combined-2 includes: MI, TIA/CVA, systemic emboli and bleeding.
- 20 *Parameters included in the final multivariate model: Low platelet-
- 21
a Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Fall, past TIA/CVA, GFR, Hb, WBC - 22
b Age, Gender, Hypertension, IHD, Bleeding, GFR - 23
c Age, Gender, past TIA/CVA, Aspirin - 24
e Age, Gender, GFR, Hb - 25
f Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, GFR, Hb, WBC - 26
g Age, Gender, Hypertension, IHD, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, Clopidogrel, GFR; Normal platelet-a Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, PVD, past PE/DVT, IHD, Fall, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, Aspirin, GFR, Hb, WBC;b Age, Gender, DM, PVD, IHD, Clopidogrel, GFR, Hb, WBC;c Age, Gender, Alcohol consumption, past TIA/CVA, MPV - 27
d Age, Gender, past PE/DVT, Alcohol consumption, past TIA/CVA, Aspirin, WBC;e Age, Gender, CHF, DM, PVD, past PE/DVT, Alcohol consumption, Bleeding, GFR, Hb;f Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, PVD, past PE/DVT, IHD, Fall, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, Aspirin, GFR, Hb, WBC;g Age, Gender, CHF, DM, Hypertension, PVD, past PE/DVT, IHD, Alcohol consumption, past TIA/CVA, Bleeding, GFR, WBC; High platelet-a Age, Gender, past PE/DVT, IHD, Clopidogrel;f Age, Gender, past PE/DVT, Clopidogrel. - 28 **Low number of events precluded subgroup analysis
In order to further analyze the significance of platelet count on patients treated with contemporary anticoagulant treatment, patients on NOACs only were analyzed. Patients with low compared to normal PLT (S4 Table) were older, a higher proportion were males and more had a history of IHD and lower EF. A multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant higher combined-1 outcome in patients on NOACs with low compared to normal PLT (HR 1.12, 95 CI 1–1.38, p = 0.047). None of the different outcomes alone were significantly different between the groups (S5 Table).
Patients with high compared to normal PLT (S6 Table) were more often diabetic and hypertensive with higher CHADS
The current study includes a very large cohort of AF patients on anticoagulants, 45.5% treated with NOACs and 54.5% with warfarin. It illustrates 4 main findings: 1) even mild thrombocytopenia seems protective of stroke; 2) High PLT is associated with higher rates of mortality and MI; 3) In patients with low and normal PLT, NOACs have outcome benefit compared to warfarin, and (
In accordance with the current study, Park and colleagues [[
Treatment with NOACs was shown to be superior to warfarin in several mega trials [[
Thrombocytosis is most commonly reactive, with bleeding, iron deficiency, infection / inflammation and cancer being the most common associated primary diagnoses [[
The study is retrospective and baseline group characteristics were not equal, despite statistical adjustment we cannot exclude the possibility of bias of unmeasurable confounders. Outcome data was derived from coded diagnoses and diagnoses were not revised [[
PLT count has an important influence on outcome of AF patients treated with anticoagulants. Mild thrombocytopenia is associated with lower stroke rates and a tendency for more bleeding, and thrombocytosis is associated with more MI and higher mortality rates. In patients on NOACs only thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis are associated with a higher combined endpoint and higher systemic emboli rates, respectively. Further research is needed in order to assess the best anticoagulation strategy for patient with AF and abnormal PLT level.
S1 Table. List of diagnostic codes.
(DOCX)
S2 Table. Rate of missing baseline data.
(DOCX)
S3 Table. Outcome type distribution according to PLT subgroup and anticoagulant treatment.
(DOCX)
S4 Table. Baseline characteristics of low and normal PLT subgroups treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
(DOCX)
S5 Table. Multivariate cox regression analysis for clinical outcomes of low compared to normal PLT subgroups treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
(DOCX)
S6 Table. Baseline characteristics of high and normal PLT subgroups treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
(DOCX)
S7 Table. Multivariate cox regression analysis for clinical outcomes of high compared to normal PLT subgroups treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).
(DOCX)
We thank Dr. Tomer Ziv-Baran for statistical analysis support.
By Yoav Michowitz; Robert Klempfner; Nir Shlomo; Ilan Goldenberg and Maya Koren-Michowitz
Reported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author