Differences in structural and functional default mode network connectivity in amyloid positive mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study.

Purpose: Default mode network (DMN) has emerged as a potential biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it is not clear whether it can differentiate amnestic mild cognitive impairment with altered amyloid (aMCI-Aβ +) who will evolve to AD. We evaluated if structural and functional connectivity (FC), hippocampal volumes (HV), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF-Aβ 42 , p-Tau, and t-Tau) can differentiate aMCI-Aβ + converters from non-converters.

Methods: Forty-eight individuals (18 normal controls and 30 aMCI subjects in the AD continuum - with altered Aβ 42 in the CSF) were followed up for an average of 13 months. We used MultiAtlas, UF 2 C, and Freesurfer software to evaluate diffusion tensor imaging, FC, and HV, respectively, INNOTEST® kits to measure CSF proteins, and neuropsychological tests. Besides, we performed different MANOVAs with further univariate analyses to differentiate groups.

Results: During follow-up, 8/30 aMCI-Aβ + converted (26.6%) to AD dementia. There were no differences in multivariate analysis between groups in CSF biomarkers (p = 0.092) or at DMN functional connectivity (p = 0.814). aMCI-Aβ + converters had smaller right HV than controls (p = 0.013), and greater right cingulum parahippocampal bundle radial diffusivity than controls (p < 0.001) and non-converters (p = 0.036).

Conclusion: In this exploratory study, structural, but not functional, DMN connectivity alterations may differentiate aMCI-Aβ + subjects who converted to AD dementia.

(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)