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Stingless bees are important pollinators in the tropics. The tremendous variation in body size makes them an excellent group to study how miniaturization affects vision and visual behaviours. Using direct measurements and micro-CT, we reconstructed the eye structure, estimated anatomical spatial resolution and optical sensitivity of the stingless bee Tetragonula iridipennis. T. iridipennis is similar in size to the Australian stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria and is smaller than honeybees. It has correspondingly small eyes (area = 0.56 mm 2 ), few ommatidia (2451 ± 127), large inter-facet (3.0 ± 0.6°) and acceptance angles (2.8°). Theoretical estimates suggest that T. iridipennis has poorer spatial resolution (0.17 cycles degree -1 ) than honeybees, bumblebees, and T. carbonaria. Its optical sensitivity (0.08 µm 2 sr), though higher than expected, is within the range of diurnal bees. This may provide them with greater contrast sensitivity, which is likely more relevant than the absolute sensitivity in this diurnal bee. Behaviourally determined detection thresholds for single targets using y-maze experiments were 11.5° for targets that provide chromatic contrast alone and 9.1° for targets providing chromatic and achromatic contrast. Further studies into microhabitat preferences and behaviour are required to understand how miniaturization influences its visual ecology.

Titel:	Spatial resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Jezeera, MA ; Tichit, P ; Balamurali, GS ; Baird, E ; Kelber, A ; Somanathan, H
Link:	View record at Springer (Volltext)
Zeitschrift:	Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology, Jg. 208 (2022-03-01), Heft 2, S. 225-238
Veröffentlichung:	Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2001-, 2022
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1432-1351 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1007/s00359-021-01521-2
Schlagwort:	Animals Australia Bees Body Size Vision, Ocular
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English [J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol] 2022 Mar; Vol. 208 (2), pp. 225-238. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2021 Nov 05. MeSH Terms: Vision, Ocular* ; Animals ; Australia ; Bees ; Body Size References: Autrum H, Zwehl VV (1964) Die spektrale empfindlichkeit einzelner sehzellen des bienenauges. Z Vgl Physiol 48:357–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00299270. (PMID: 10.1007/BF00299270) ; Avarguès-Weber A, de Brito Sanchez MG, Giurfa M, Dyer AG (2010) Aversive reinforcement improves visual discrimination learning in free-flying honeybees. PLoS ONE 5(10):e15370. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015370. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015370209761702955543) ; Balamurali GS, Nicholls E, Somanathan H, de Ibarra NH (2018) A comparative analysis of colour preferences in temperate and tropical social bees. 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Spatial resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis.