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The kinetochore is a supramolecular protein complex assembled on the chromosomes, essential for faithful segregation of the genome during cell divisions. More than 100 proteins are known to constitute the eukaryotic kinetochore architecture, primarily identified using non-plant organisms. A majority of them are fast evolving and are under positive selection. Thus, functional characterization of the plant kinetochore proteins is limited as only a few conserved orthologs sharing sequence similarity with their animal counterparts have been examined. Here, we report the functional characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the yeast NNF1/human PMF1 outer kinetochore protein and show that it has both kinetochore and non-kinetochore functions in plant growth and development. Knockout of NNF1 causes embryo lethality implying its essential role in cell division. AtNNF1 interacts with MIS12 in Y2H and co-immunoprecipitation assays, confirming it is one of the constituents of the plant MIS12 complex. GFP-NNF1 localizes to the kinetochore, rescuing the embryo lethal nnf1-1-/- phenotype, but the rescued plants (GFP-NNF1 nnf1-/- ) are dwarf, displaying hypomorphic phenotypes with no evidence of mitotic or meiotic segregation defects. GFP-NNF1 nnf1-/- dwarf plants have reduced levels of endogenous polyamines, which are partially rescued to wild-type levels upon exogenous application of polyamines. Mutations in the putative leucine zipper-like binding motif of NNF1 gave rise to a dominant-negative tall plant phenotype reminiscent of constitutive gibberellic acid (GA) action. These contrasting hypomorphic dwarf and antimorphic tall phenotypes facilitated us to attribute a moonlighting role to Arabidopsis NNF1 affecting polyamine and GA metabolism apart from its primary role in kinetochores.

Titel:	The kinetochore protein NNF1 has a moonlighting role in the vegetative development of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Allipra, S ; Anirudhan, K ; Shivanandan, S ; Raghunathan, A ; Maruthachalam, R
Link:	Full Text Finder (Volltext)
Zeitschrift:	The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, Jg. 109 (2022-03-01), Heft 5, S. 1064-1085
Veröffentlichung:	Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers and BIOS Scientific Publishers in association with the Society for Experimental Biology, c1991-, 2022
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1365-313X (electronic)
DOI:	10.1111/tpj.15614
Schlagwort:	Animals Cell Division Chromosome Segregation Polyamines metabolism Arabidopsis genetics Arabidopsis metabolism Kinetochores
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English [Plant J] 2022 Mar; Vol. 109 (5), pp. 1064-1085. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2021 Dec 14. MeSH Terms: Arabidopsis* / genetics ; Arabidopsis* / metabolism ; Kinetochores* ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Chromosome Segregation ; Polyamines / metabolism References: Alcázar, R., García-Martínez, J.L., Cuevas, J.C., Tiburcio, A.F. & Altabella, T. (2005) Overexpression of ADC2 in Arabidopsis induces dwarfism and late-flowering through GA deficiency. The Plant Journal, 43, 425-436. ; Alexander, M.P. (1969) Differential staining of aborted and nonaborted pollen. Stain Technology, 44, 117-122. ; Anwar, R., Mattoo, A.K. & Handa, A.K. (2015) Polyamine interactions with plant hormones: crosstalk at several levels. In: Kusano, T. & Suzuki, H. (Eds.) Polyamines: a universal molecular nexus for growth, survival, and specialized metabolism. 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The kinetochore protein NNF1 has a moonlighting role in the vegetative development of Arabidopsis thaliana.