| Sonstiges: |
- Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE
- Sprachen: English
- Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
- Language: English
- [Eur J Heart Fail] 2024 Feb; Vol. 26 (2), pp. 483-501. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2024 Jan 25.
- MeSH Terms: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy* ; Cardiology* ; Defibrillators, Implantable* ; Heart Failure* / therapy ; Humans
- References: Arrigo M, Jessup M, Mullens W, Reza N, Shah AM, Sliwa K, et al. Acute heart failure. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020;6:16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572‐020‐0151‐7. ; Hariharaputhiran S, Peng Y, Ngo L, Ali A, Hossain S, Visvanathan R, et al. Long‐term survival and life expectancy following an acute heart failure hospitalization in Australia and New Zealand. Eur J Heart Fail 2022;24:1519–1528. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2595. ; Kimmoun A, Takagi K, Gall E, Ishihara S, Hammoum P, El Bèze N, et al. Temporal trends in mortality and readmission after acute heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐regression in the past four decades. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:420–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2103. ; Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Böhm M, et al.; EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial Investigators. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2021;385:1451–1461. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107038. ; Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Claggett B, de Boer RA, DeMets D, Hernandez AF, et al.; DELIVER Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2022;387:1089–1098. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206286. ; McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2022;24:4–131. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2333. ; Verbrugge FH, Guazzi M, Testani JM, Borlaug BA. Altered hemodynamics and end‐organ damage in heart failure: Impact on the lung and kidney. Circulation 2020;142:998–1012. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045409. ; Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA‐PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2019;40:3297–3317. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641. ; Jankowska EA, Ponikowski P, Piepoli MF, Banasiak W, Anker SD, Poole‐Wilson PA. Autonomic imbalance and immune activation in chronic heart failure – pathophysiological links. Cardiovasc Res 2006;70:434–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.01.013. ; SOLVD Investigators; Yusuf S, Pitt B, Davis CE, Hood WB, Cohn JN. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325(5):293–302. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199108013250501. ; CIBIS‐II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS‐II): A randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:9–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(98)11181‐9. ; Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709–717. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199909023411001. ; McMurray JJV, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, et al.; PARADIGM‐HF Investigators and Committees. Angiotensin‐neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014;371:993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1409077. ; van Bilsen M, Patel HC, Bauersachs J, Böhm M, Borggrefe M, Brutsaert D, et al. The autonomic nervous system as a therapeutic target in heart failure: A scientific position statement from the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2017;19:1361–1378. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.921. ; Coats AJS, Anker SD, Baumbach A, Alfieri O, von Bardeleben RS, Bauersachs J, et al. The management of secondary mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure: A joint position statement from the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), and European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1254–1269. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab086. ; Deferm S, Bertrand PB, Verbrugge FH, Verhaert D, Rega F, Thomas JD, et al. Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:2465–2476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.061. ; Kajimoto K, Sato N, Takano T; investigators of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry. Functional mitral regurgitation at discharge and outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure with a preserved or reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2016;18:1051–1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.562. ; Lip GYH, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JRG, Le Heuzey JY, Potpara T, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Eur J Heart Fail 2015;17:848–874. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.338. ; Arrigo M, Gayat E, Parenica J, Ishihara S, Zhang J, Choi DJ, et al.; GREAT Network. Precipitating factors and 90‐day outcome of acute heart failure: A report from the intercontinental GREAT registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2017;19:201–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.682. ; Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, et al.; OPTIMIZE‐HF Investigators and Hospitals. Factors identified as precipitating hospital admissions for heart failure and clinical outcomes: Findings from OPTIMIZE‐HF. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:847–854. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.8.847. ; Martin CA, Lambiase PD. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of tachycardiomyopathy. Heart 2017;103:1543–1552. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl‐2016‐310391. ; Mullens W, Damman K, Testani JM, Martens P, Mueller C, Lassus J, et al. Evaluation of kidney function throughout the heart failure trajectory – a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:584–603. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1697. ; George LK, Koshy SKG, Molnar MZ, Thomas F, Lu JL, Kalantar‐Zadeh K, et al. Heart failure increases the risk of adverse renal outcomes in patients with normal kidney function. Circ Heart Fail 2017;10:e003825. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003825. ; Kiernan MS, Stevens SR, Tang WHW, Butler J, Anstrom KJ, Birati EY, et al.; NHLBI Heart Failure Clinical Trials Network Investigators. Determinants of diuretic responsiveness and associated outcomes during acute heart failure hospitalization: An analysis from the NHLBI Heart Failure Network Clinical Trials. J Card Fail 2018;24:428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.02.002. ; Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Francis GS, Sokos G, Taylor DO, Starling RC, et al. Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:589–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.068. ; Shen L, Jhund PS, Petrie MC, Claggett BL, Barlera S, Cleland JGF, et al. Declining risk of sudden death in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2017;377:41–51. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1609758. ; Ruwald MH, Ruwald AC, Johansen JB, Gislason G, Lindhardt TB, Nielsen JC, et al. Temporal incidence of appropriate and inappropriate therapy and mortality in secondary prevention ICD patients by cardiac diagnosis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021;7:781–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2020.11.005. ; Curtain JP, Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Petrie MC, Inzucchi SE, Kober L, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or sudden death in DAPA‐HF. Eur Heart J 2021;42:3727–3738. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab560. ; Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2002;346:877–883. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013474. ; Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, et al.; Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD‐HeFT) Investigators. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:225–237. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043399. ; Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbæk L, Korup E, et al.; DANISH Investigators. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1221–1230. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1608029. ; McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, et al.; DAPA‐HF Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2019;381:1995–2008. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911303. ; Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Carson P, et al.; EMPEROR‐Reduced Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1413–1424. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022190. ; Schrage B, Uijl A, Benson L, Westermann D, Ståhlberg M, Stolfo D, et al. Association between use of primary‐prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators and mortality in patients with heart failure: A prospective propensity score‐matched analysis from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Circulation 2019;140:1530–1539. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043012. ; Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Jhund PS, Cunningham JW, Pedro Ferreira J, Zannad F, et al. Estimating lifetime benefits of comprehensive disease‐modifying pharmacological therapies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2020;396:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(20)30748‐0. ; Merchant FM, Levy WC, Kramer DB. Time to shock the system: Moving beyond the current paradigm for primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator use. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9:e015139. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.015139. ; Klem I, Klein M, Khan M, Yang EY, Nabi F, Ivanov A, et al. Relationship of LVEF and myocardial scar to long‐term mortality risk and mode of death in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021;143:1343–1358. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048477. ; Leyva F, Zegard A, Okafor O, Foley P, Umar F, Taylor RJ, et al. Myocardial fibrosis predicts ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death after cardiac electronic device implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022;79:665–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.050. ; Marrow BA, Cook SA, Prasad SK, McCann GP. Emerging techniques for risk stratification in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;75:1196–1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.058. ; Younis A, Goldberger JJ, Kutyifa V, Zareba W, Polonsky B, Klein H, et al. Predicted benefit of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: The MADIT‐ICD benefit score. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1676–1684. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1057. ; Levy WC, Li Y, Reed SD, Zile MR, Shadman R, Dardas T, et al.; HFACTION Investigators. Does the implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator benefit vary with the estimated proportional risk of sudden death in heart failure patients? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2017;3:291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2016.09.006. ; Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt‐Hansen J, de Riva M, Winkel BG, Behr ER, Blom NA, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022;43:3997–4126. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262. ; Mullens W, Auricchio A, Martens P, Witte K, Cowie MR, Delgado V, et al. Optimized implementation of cardiac resynchronization therapy: A call for action for referral and optimization of care: A joint position statement from the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:2349–2369. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2046. ; Nguyên UC, Verzaal NJ, van Nieuwenhoven FA, Vernooy K, Prinzen FW. Pathobiology of cardiac dyssynchrony and resynchronization therapy. Europace 2018;20:1898–1909. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy035. ; Auricchio A, Stellbrink C, Block M, Sack S, Vogt J, Bakker P, et al. Effect of pacing chamber and atrioventricular delay on acute systolic function of paced patients with congestive heart failure. The Pacing Therapies for Congestive Heart Failure Study Group. The Guidant Congestive Heart Failure Research Group. Circulation 1999;99:2993–3001. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.23.2993. ; Steffel J, Ruschitzka F. Superresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2014;130:87–90. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006124. ; Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, et al.; Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) Investigators. Cardiac‐resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140–2150. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032423. ; Cleland JGF, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, et al.; Cardiac Resynchronization‐Heart Failure (CARE‐HF) Study Investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1539–1549. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050496. ; Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP, et al.; MADIT‐CRT Trial Investigators. Cardiac‐resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart‐failure events. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1329–1338. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0906431. ; Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC. Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 2012;163:260–267.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014. ; Sipahi I, Carrigan TP, Rowland DY, Stambler BS, Fang JC. Impact of QRS duration on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1454–1462. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.247. ; Marrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen D, Siebels J, Boersma L, Jordaens L, et al.; CASTLE‐AF Investigators. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2018;378:417–427. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1707855. ; Doshi RN, Daoud EG, Fellows C, Turk K, Duran A, Hamdan MH, et al.; PAVE Study Group. Left ventricular‐based cardiac stimulation post AV nodal ablation evaluation (the PAVE study). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16:1160–1165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540‐8167.2005.50062.x. ; Brignole M, Botto G, Mont L, Iacopino S, De Marchi G, Oddone D, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients undergoing atrioventricular junction ablation for permanent atrial fibrillation: A randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2420–2429. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr162. ; Brignole M, Pentimalli F, Palmisano P, Landolina M, Quartieri F, Occhetta E, et al.; APAF‐CRT Trial Investigators. AV junction ablation and cardiac resynchronization for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and narrow QRS: The APAF‐CRT mortality trial. Eur Heart J 2021;42:4731–4739. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab569. ; Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Adamson PB, Chung ES, Niazi I, Sherfesee L, et al.; Biventricular versus Right Ventricular Pacing in Heart Failure Patients with Atrioventricular Block (BLOCK HF) Trial Investigators. Shinn T, St John Sutton M Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2013;368(17):1585–1593. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1210356. ; Ruschitzka F, Abraham WT, Singh JP, Bax JJ, Borer JS, Brugada J, et al.; EchoCRT Study Group. Cardiac‐resynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1395–1405. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1306687. ; Raatikainen MJP, Arnar DO, Zeppenfeld K, Merino JL, Levya F, Hindriks G, et al. Statistics on the use of cardiac electronic devices and electrophysiological procedures in the European Society of Cardiology countries: 2014 report from the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace 2015;17:i1–i75. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu300. ; Zeitler EP, Friedman DJ, Daubert JP, Al‐Khatib SM, Solomon SD, Biton Y, et al. Multiple comorbidities and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: MADIT‐CRT long‐term follow‐up. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:2369–2379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.531. ; Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, Greene L, Hallstrom AP, Hsia H, et al.; Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator Trial Investigators. Dual‐chamber pacing‐or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: The Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial. JAMA 2002;288:3115–3123. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.24.3115. ; Zhang S, Zhou X, Gold MR. Left bundle branch pacing: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;74:3039–3049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.039. ; Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, Michowitz Y, Auricchio A, Barbash IM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021;42:3427–3520. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab364. ; Vinther M, Risum N, Svendsen JH, Møgelvang R, Philbert BT. A randomized trial of his pacing versus biventricular pacing in symptomatic HF patients with left bundle branch block (His‐Alternative). JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021;7:1422–1432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2021.04.003. ; Vijayaraman P, Ponnusamy SS, Cano Ó, Sharma PS, Naperkowski A, Subsposh FA, et al. Left bundle branch area pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the International LBBAP Collaborative Study Group. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021;7:135–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2020.08.015. ; Jastrzȩbski M, Kiełbasa G, Cano O, Curila K, Heckman L, De Pooter J, et al. Left bundle branch area pacing outcomes: The multicentre European MELOS study. Eur Heart J 2022;43:4161–4173. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac445. ; Lawo T, Borggrefe M, Butter C, Hindricks G, Schmidinger H, Mika Y, et al. Electrical signals applied during the absolute refractory period: An investigational treatment for advanced heart failure in patients with normal QRS duration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2229–2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.093. ; Tschöpe C, Kherad B, Klein O, Lipp A, Blaschke F, Gutterman D, et al. Cardiac contractility modulation: Mechanisms of action in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and beyond. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1349. ; Borggrefe MM, Lawo T, Butter C, Schmidinger H, Lunati M, Pieske B, et al. Randomized, double blind study of non‐excitatory, cardiac contractility modulation electrical impulses for symptomatic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1019–1028. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehn020. ; Kadish A, Nademanee K, Volosin K, Krueger S, Neelagaru S, Raval N, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation in advanced heart failure. Am Heart J 2011;161:329–337.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2010.10.025. ; Abraham WT, Kuck KH, Goldsmith RL, Lindenfeld JA, Reddy VY, Carson PE, et al. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation. JACC Heart Fail 2018;6:874–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.04.010. ; Van Veldhuisen DJ, Braunschweig F, Conraads V, Ford I, Cowie MR, Jondeau G, et al.; DOT‐HF Investigators. Intrathoracic impedance monitoring, audible patient alerts, and outcome in patients with heart failure. Circulation 2011;124:1719–1726. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.043042. ; Böhm M, Drexler H, Oswald H, Rybak K, Bosch R, Butter C, et al.; OptiLink HF Study Investigators. Fluid status telemedicine alerts for heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2016;37:3154–3163. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw099. ; Hindricks G, Taborsky M, Glikson M, Heinrich U, Schumacher B, Katz A, et al.; IN‐TIME Study Group. Implant‐based multiparameter telemonitoring of patients with heart failure (IN‐TIME): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014;384:583–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(14)61176‐4. ; Morgan JM, Kitt S, Gill J, McComb JM, Andre Ng G, Raftery J, et al. Remote management of heart failure using implantable electronic devices. Eur Heart J 2017;38:2352–2360. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx227. ; Adamson PB, Magalski A, Braunschweig F, Böhm M, Reynolds D, Steinhaus D, et al. Ongoing right ventricular hemodynamics in heart failure: Clinical value of measurements derived from an implantable monitoring system. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:565–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735‐1097(02)02896‐6. ; Abraham WT, Adamson PB, Bourge RC, Aaron MF, Costanzo MR, Stevenson LW, et al.; CHAMPION Trial Study Group. Wireless pulmonary artery haemodynamic monitoring in chronic heart failure: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;377:658–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(11)60101‐3. ; Abraham WT, Stevenson LW, Bourge RC, Lindenfeld JA, Bauman JG, Adamson PB; CHAMPION Trial Study Group. Sustained efficacy of pulmonary artery pressure to guide adjustment of chronic heart failure therapy: Complete follow‐up results from the CHAMPION randomised trial. Lancet 2016;387:453–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(15)00723‐0. ; Lindenfeld JA, Zile MR, Desai AS, Bhatt K, Ducharme A, Horstmanshof D, et al. Haemodynamic‐guided management of heart failure (GUIDE‐HF): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2021;398:991–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(21)01754‐2. ; Brugts JJ, Radhoe SP, Clephas PRD, Aydin D, van Gent MWF, Szymanski MK, et al.; MONITOR‐HF Invesigators. Remote haemodynamic monitoring of pulmonary artery pressures in patients with chronic heart failure (MONITOR‐HF): A randomised clinical trial. Lancet 2023;401:2113–2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(23)00923‐6. ; Mullens W, Sharif F, Dupont M, Rothman AMK, Wijns W. Digital health care solution for proactive heart failure management with the Cordella heart failure system: Results of the SIRONA first‐in‐human study. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:1912–1919. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1870. ; Angermann CE, Assmus B, Anker SD, Asselbergs FW, Brachmann J, Brett ME, et al.; MEMS‐HF Investigators. Pulmonary artery pressure‐guided therapy in ambulatory patients with symptomatic heart failure: The CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS‐HF). Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:1891–1901. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1943. ; Cowie MR, Flett A, Cowburn P, Foley P, Chandrasekaran B, Loke I, et al. Real‐world evidence in a national health service: Results of the UK CardioMEMS HF System Post‐Market Study. ESC Heart Fail 2022;9:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13748. ; Dauw J, Sokolski M, Middleton JT, Nijst P, Dupont M, Forouzan O, et al. Ambulatory haemodynamic‐guided management reduces heart failure hospitalizations in a multicentre European heart failure cohort. ESC Heart Fail 2022;9:3858–3867. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.14056. ; Witte KK, Lipiecki J, Siminiak T, Meredith IT, Malkin CJ, Goldberg SL, et al. The REDUCE FMR trial: A randomized sham‐controlled study of percutaneous mitral annuloplasty in functional mitral regurgitation. JACC Heart Fail 2019;7:945–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2019.06.011. ; Witte KK, Kaye DM, Lipiecki J, Siminiak T, Goldberg SL, von Bardeleben RS, et al. Treating symptoms and reversing remodelling: Clinical and echocardiographic 1‐year outcomes with percutaneous mitral annuloplasty for mild to moderate secondary mitral regurgitation. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:1971–1978. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2310. ; Messika‐Zeitoun D, Nickenig G, Latib A, Kuck KH, Baldus S, Schueler R, et al. Transcatheter mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation using the Cardioband system: 1 year outcomes. Eur Heart J 2019;40:466–472. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy424. ; Obadia JF, Messika‐Zeitoun D, Leurent G, Iung B, Bonnet G, Piriou N, et al.; MITRA‐FR Investigators. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2018;379:2297–2306. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1805374. ; Iung B, Armoiry X, Vahanian A, Boutitie F, Mewton N, Trochu JN, et al.; MITRA‐FR Investigators. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation: Outcomes at 2 years. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1616. ; Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, Kar S, Lim DS, Mishell JM, et al. COAPT Investigators. Transcatheter mitral‐valve repair in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2018;379:2307–2318. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1806640. ; Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez‐Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30:303–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007. ; Palardy M, Stevenson LW, Tasissa G, Hamilton MA, Bourge RC, DiSalvo TG, et al.; ESCAPE Investigators. Reduction in mitral regurgitation during therapy guided by measured filling pressures in the ESCAPE trial. Circ Heart Fail 2009;2:181–188. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.822999. ; Kang DH, Park SJ, Shin SH, Hong GR, Lee S, Kim MS, et al. Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for functional mitral regurgitation: PRIME study. Circulation 2019;139:1354–1365. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037077. ; Waagstein F, Strömblad O, Andersson B, Böhm M, Darius M, Delius W, et al. Increased exercise ejection fraction and reversed remodeling after long‐term treatment with metoprolol in congestive heart failure: A randomized, stratified, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in mild to moderate heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2003;5:679–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388‐9842(03)00105‐3. ; Pagnesi M, Adamo M, Sama IE, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, et al. Clinical impact of changes in mitral regurgitation severity after medical therapy optimization in heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2022;111:912–923. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392‐022‐01991‐7. ; Erlebacher JA, Barbarash S. Intraventricular conduction delay and functional mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:83–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002‐9149(01)01595‐8. ; van Bommel RJ, Marsan NA, Delgado V, Borleffs CJW, van Rijnsoever EPM, Schalij MJ, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy as a therapeutic option in patients with moderate‐severe functional mitral regurgitation and high operative risk. Circulation 2011;124:912–919. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009803. ; Braun D, Orban M, Orban M, Hagl C, Massberg S, Nabauer M, et al. Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair for severe tricuspid regurgitation using the triple‐orifice technique versus the bicuspidalization technique. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2018;11:1790–1792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2018.05.049. ; Praz F, Muraru D, Kreidel F, Lurz P, Hahn RT, Delgado V, et al. Transcatheter treatment for tricuspid valve disease. EuroIntervention 2021;17:791–808. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ‐D‐21‐00695. ; Benfari G, Antoine C, Miller WL, Thapa P, Topilsky Y, Rossi A, et al. Excess mortality associated with functional tricuspid regurgitation complicating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation 2019;140:196–206. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038946. ; Wang N, Fulcher J, Abeysuriya N, McGrady M, Wilcox I, Celermajer D, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation is associated with increased mortality independent of pulmonary pressures and right heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Eur Heart J 2019;40:476–484. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy641. ; Zack CJ, Fender EA, Chandrashekar P, Reddy YNV, Bennett CE, Stulak JM, et al. National trends and outcomes in isolated tricuspid valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:2953–2960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.039. ; Nickenig G, Weber M, Lurz P, von Bardeleben RS, Sitges M, Sorajja P, et al. Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair for reduction of tricuspid regurgitation: 6‐month outcomes of the TRILUMINATE single‐arm study. Lancet 2019;394:2002–2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140‐6736(19)32600‐5. ; Kodali S, Hahn RT, Eleid MF, Kipperman R, Smith R, Lim DS, et al.; CLASP TR EFS Investigators. Feasibility study of the transcatheter valve repair system for severe tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:345–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.047. ; Lurz P, von Bardeleben RS, Weber M, Sitges M, Sorajja P, Hausleiter J, et al.; TRILUMINATE Investigators. Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair for treatment of tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:229–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.038. ; Taramasso M, Benfari G, van der Bijl P, Alessandrini H, Attinger‐Toller A, Biasco L, et al. Transcatheter versus medical treatment of patients with symptomatic severe tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;74:2998–3008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.028. ; Sorajja P, Whisenant B, Hamid N, Naik H, Makkar R, Tadros P, et al.; TRILUMINATE Pivotal Investigators. Transcatheter repair for patients with tricuspid regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2023;388:1833–1842. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2300525. ; Arnold SV, Goates S, Sorajja P, Adams DH, von Bardeleben RS, Kapadia SR, et al.; TRILUMINATE Pivotal Trial Investigators. Health status after transcatheter tricuspid‐valve repair in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation: Results from the TRILUMINATE Pivotal trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024;83:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.008. ; Axtell AL, Bhambhani V, Moonsamy P, Healy EW, Picard MH, Sundt TM, et al. Surgery does not improve survival in patients with isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;74:715–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.028. ; Kapur NK, Paruchuri V, Urbano‐Morales JA, MacKey EE, Daly GH, Qiao X, et al. Mechanically unloading the left ventricle before coronary reperfusion reduces left ventricular wall stress and myocardial infarct size. Circulation 2013;128:328–336. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000029. ; Radu RI, Ben Gal T, Abdelhamid M, Antohi EL, Adamo M, Ambrosy AP, et al. Antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapies in cardiogenic shock: A critical review of the published literature. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:4717–4736. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13643. ; Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, et al.; IABP‐SHOCK II Trial Investigators. Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1287–1296. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1208410. ; Schrage B, Ibrahim K, Loehn T, Werner N, Sinning JM, Pappalardo F, et al. Impella support for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Circulation 2019;139:1249–1258. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036614. ; Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, et al. Association of use of an intravascular microaxial left ventricular assist device vs intra‐aortic balloon pump with in‐hospital mortality and major bleeding among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. JAMA 2020;323:734–745. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0254. ; Kar B, Gregoric ID, Basra SS, Idelchik GM, Loyalka P. The percutaneous ventricular assist device in severe refractory cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:688–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.613. ; Seyfarth M, Sibbing D, Bauer I, Fröhlich G, Bott‐Flügel L, Byrne R, et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device versus intra‐aortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock caused by myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1584–1588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.065. ; Ouweneel DM, Eriksen E, Sjauw KD, van Dongen IM, Hirsch A, Packer EJS, et al. Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support versus intra‐aortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:278–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.022. ; Thiele H, Sick P, Boudriot E, Diederich KW, Hambrecht R, Niebauer J, et al. Randomized comparison of intra‐aortic balloon support with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device in patients with revascularized acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1276–1283. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi161. ; Burkhoff D, Cohen H, Brunckhorst C, O'Neill WW; TandemHeart Investigators Group. A randomized multicenter clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device versus conventional therapy with intraaortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock. Am Heart J 2006;152:469.e1–469.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2006.05.031. ; Ouweneel DM, Schotborgh JV, Limpens J, Sjauw KD, Engström AE, Lagrand WK, et al. Extracorporeal life support during cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Intensive Care Med 2016;42:1922–1934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134‐016‐4536‐8. ; Papolos AI, Kenigsberg BB, Berg DD, Alviar CL, Bohula E, Burke JA, et al.; Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network Investigators. Management and outcomes of cardiogenic shock in cardiac ICUs with versus without shock teams. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;78:1309–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.044. ; Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Sherwood MW, Desai S, Tran HA, Epps KC, et al. Standardized team‐based care for cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:1659–1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.084. ; Chioncel O, Parissis J, Mebazaa A, Thiele H, Desch S, Bauersachs J, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock – a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:1315–1341. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1922. ; Mehra MR, Cleveland JC, Uriel N, Cowger JA, Hall S, Horstmanshof D, et al.; MOMENTUM 3 Investigators. Primary results of long‐term outcomes in the MOMENTUM 3 pivotal trial and continued access protocol study phase: A study of 2200 HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device implants. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:1392–1400. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2211. ; Crespo‐Leiro MG, Metra M, Lund LH, Milicic D, Costanzo MR, Filippatos G, et al. Advanced heart failure: A position statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2018;20:1505–1535. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1236. ; Vis A, Arfaee M, Khambati H, Slaughter MS, Gummert JF, Overvelde JTB, et al. The ongoing quest for the first total artificial heart as destination therapy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022;19:813–828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569‐022‐00723‐8. ; Miller LW, Pagani FD, Russell SD, John R, Boyle AJ, Aaronson KD, et al.; HeartMate II Clinical Investigators. Use of a continuous‐flow device in patients awaiting heart transplantation. N Engl J Med 2007;357:885–896. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067758. ; Slaughter MS, Rogers JG, Milano CA, Russell SD, Conte JV, Feldman D, et al.; HeartMate II Investigators. Advanced heart failure treated with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2241–2251. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0909938. ; Aaronson KD, Slaughter MS, Miller LW, McGee EC, Cotts WG, Acker MA, et al.; HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) Bridge to Transplant ADVANCE Trial Investigators. Use of an intrapericardial, continuous‐flow, centrifugal pump in patients awaiting heart transplantation. Circulation 2012;125:3191–3200. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.058412. ; Rogers JG, Pagani FD, Tatooles AJ, Bhat G, Slaughter MS, Birks EJ, et al. Intrapericardial left ventricular assist device for advanced heart failure. N Engl J Med 2017;376:451–460. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1602954. ; Mehra MR, Uriel N, Naka Y, Cleveland JC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Salerno CT, et al.; MOMENTUM 3 Investigators. A fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device – final report. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1618–1627. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1900486. ; Han JJ, Acker MA, Atluri P. Left ventricular assist devices. Circulation 2018;138:2841–2851. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035566. ; Zimpfer D, Gustafsson F, Potapov E, Pya Y, Schmitto J, Berchtold‐Herz M, et al. Two‐year outcome after implantation of a full magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device: Results from the ELEVATE Registry. Eur Heart J 2020;41:3801–3809. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa639. ; Mehra MR, Goldstein DJ, Cleveland JC, Cowger JA, Hall S, Salerno CT, et al. Five‐year outcomes in patients with fully magnetically levitated vs axial‐flow left ventricular assist devices in the MOMENTUM 3 randomized trial. JAMA 2022;328:1233–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.16197. ; Wang TS, Hernandez AF, Felker GM, Milano CA, Rogers JG, Patel CB. Valvular heart disease in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices. Circ Heart Fail 2014;7:215–222. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000473. ; Jorde UP, Kushwaha SS, Tatooles AJ, Naka Y, Bhat G, Long JW, et al.; HeartMate II Clinical Investigators. Results of the destination therapy post‐Food and Drug Administration approval study with a continuous flow left ventricular assist device: A prospective study using the INTERMACS registry (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1751–1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.053. ; de By TMMH, Schoenrath F, Veen KM, Mohacsi P, Stein J, Alkhamees KMM, et al. The European registry for patients with mechanical circulatory support of the European Association for Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery: Third report. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022;62:ezac032. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezac032. ; Sze E, Samad Z, Dunning A, Campbell KB, Loring Z, Atwater BD, et al. Impaired recovery of left ventricular function in patients with cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:306–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.020. ; Straw S, McGinlay M, Gierula J, Lowry JE, Paton MF, Cole C, et al. Impact of QRS duration on left ventricular remodelling and survival in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021;22:848–856. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000001231. ; Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Vercammen J, Jacobs L, Verhaert D, Vandervoort P, et al. Time from emerging heart failure symptoms to cardiac resynchronisation therapy: Impact on clinical response. Heart 2012;99:314–319. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl‐2012‐302807. ; Wang NC, Li JZ, Adelstein EC, Althouse AD, Sharbaugh MS, Jain SK, et al. New‐onset left bundle branch block‐associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy and time from diagnosis to cardiac resynchronization therapy: The NEOLITH II study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018;41:143–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.13264. ; Goldstein SA, Mentz RJ, Hellkamp AS, Randolph TC, Fonarow GC, Hernandez A, et al. Timing of cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation in heart failure patients and its association with outcomes. Clin Cardiol 2019;42:256–263. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23135. ; Mullens W, Coats A, Seferovic P, Metra M, Mebazaa A, Ruschitzka F, et al. Education and certification on heart failure of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2022;24:249–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2430. ; Riley JP, Astin F, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Deaton CM, Kienhorst J, Lambrinou E, et al. Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology heart failure nurse curriculum. Eur J Heart Fail 2016;18:736–743. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.568. ; Fried TR. Shared decision making – finding the sweet spot. N Engl J Med 2016;374:104–106. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1510020. ; Itzhaki Ben Zadok O, Ben‐Avraham B, Jaarsma T, Shaul A, Hammer Y, Barac YD, et al. Health‐related quality of life in left ventricular assist device‐supported patients. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:2036–2044. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13282. ; Jaarsma T, Hill L, Bayes‐Genis A, Brunner La Rocca HP, Castiello T, Čelutkienė J, et al. Self‐care of heart failure patients: Practical management recommendations from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:157–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2008. ; Shah SP, Dixit NM, Mendoza K, Entabi R, Meymandi S, Balady‐Bouziane N, et al. Integration of clinical pharmacists into a heart failure clinic within a safety‐net hospital. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022;62:575–579.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2021.11.012. ; Forsyth P, Warren A, Thomson C, Bateman J, Greenwood E, Williams H, et al.; United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacy Association Heart Failure Group and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. A competency framework for clinical pharmacists and heart failure. Int J Pharm Pract 2019;27:424–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12465. ; Simpson M, Millerick Y, Girdler‐Heald L, Higginbotham K, Whittingham K, Masters J, et al. Developing the Heart Failure Specialist Nurse Competency Framework. Br J Nurs 2022;31:732–737. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.14.732.
- Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Device therapy; Heart failure
- Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20240125 Date Completed: 20240327 Latest Revision: 20240411
- Update Code: 20240411
|
