Evaluation of viscoelastic coagulation monitoring parameters and fibrinogen concentrations in healthy dogs undergoing stifle arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.

Objective: Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters along with Hct percentages, platelet numbers, and fibrinogen concentrations in healthy dogs undergoing elective stifle arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). These results determine if dogs are in a normal, hypocoagulable, or hypercoagulable state at 4 different time points.

Animals: Prospective study of 37 client-owned dogs enrolled between February 2, 2022, and November 10, 2022.

Methods: All dogs received a standardized anesthetic protocol. Patients enrolled in the study underwent stifle arthroscopy using a 3-portal technique with a TPLO performed by board-certified surgeons. Viscoelastic testing, Hct percentage, fibrinogen concentration, and platelet numbers were measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 24 hours postoperatively, and 14 days postoperatively.

Results: Stifle arthroscopy and TPLO surgery was not associated with significant effects on viscoelastic coagulation monitoring and fibrinogen concentrations in healthy dogs when comparing the time points.

Clinical Relevance: Humans have a high risk of thrombotic events when undergoing elective orthopedic surgery and are often placed on prophylactic antithrombotic medication prior to surgery. Viscoelastic coagulation monitoring in dogs undergoing similar orthopedic procedures has been evaluated in veterinary medicine, but the effects on platelets and fibrinogen concentrations from similar orthopedic procedures and uniform anesthesia protocols have not been documented. Cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency is the most common orthopedic injury in dogs. Treatment requires elective surgical correction for the best results and improved long-term prognosis. The findings of this study suggest that similar preoperative prophylactic antithrombotic intervention is not needed for canine patients.