Nitrogen management from intensive livestock production : scientific and environmental issues (English)
In: Natures Sciences Sociétés, Jg. 10 (2002-04-02), Heft 2, S. 52-61
Online
academicJournal
Zugriff:
Growing environmental concern led to increased public and scientific attention to nitrogen transfers from animal manure and slurry. Major environmental problems arise from the excessive use of nitrogen compounds. Amongst these are (i) acidification of forests and natural ecosystems through atmospheric deposition of ammonia (NH 3 ), (ii) eutrophication of inland waters and coastal seas mainly by organic N and nitrates, (iii) contamination of groundwater by nitrates and (iv) a contribution to the global warming problem by nitrous oxide, N 2 O. Tracer methods using 15 N stable isotope provide and excellent tool for studying such complex transfers during the different stages of animal slurry management including storage, treatment and land spreading. In this article, we present a brief review of isotopic tracer principles and history through a general description of terms, definitions and assumptions follow by the methodologies developed in our laboratory to label the ammoniacal nitrogen fraction of pig slurry using artificial 15 N enrichment. The aim of our studies is to gather information concerning nitrogen pig slurry turnover and to focus on those processes, where major progress is made using the stable isotope 15 N. Recent research findings are Presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
La connaissance du cycle de l'azote des de´jections animales (lisiers) est un enjeu primordial au regard de pre´occupations environnementales : accroissement de l'efficacite´ agronomique et/ou re´duction des pollutions atmosphe´riques. Dans ce contexte, l'utilisation du traceur isotopique 15 N permet de quantifier les diffe´rents me´canismes (assimilation et re´organisation, mine´ralisation, volatilisation, nitrification—de´nitrification) et d'e´tudier les voies de transferts possibles. La technique de´veloppe´e consiste notamment a` marquer la fraction azote ammoniacal du lisier par ajout direct de sulfate d'ammonium ou d'ure´e enrichis en 15 N. Des essais en laboratoire illustrent les processus de nitrification - de´nitrification ainsi que les transferts d'azote sous forme de protoxyde d'azote (N 2 O). Par ailleurs le suivi du devenir de l'azote apre`s e´pandage de lisier au champ, permet d'e´tablir un bilan sol—plante—air. Au travers de ces expe´riences, l'utilisation du marquage isotopique 15 N de l'azote des de´jections animales apparaiˆt comme un outil de premie`re importance. [Copyright 2002 Elsevier]
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Titel: |
Nitrogen management from intensive livestock production : scientific and environmental issues (English)
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Martinez, José ; Béline, Fabrice |
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Zeitschrift: | Natures Sciences Sociétés, Jg. 10 (2002-04-02), Heft 2, S. 52-61 |
Veröffentlichung: | 2002 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
ISSN: | 1240-1307 (print) |
DOI: | 10.1016/S1240-1307(02)80134-0 |
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