Mathematical Modeling Applied to Produce Sustainable Electricity from Hydro and Wind Power Instead of Fossil Fuel to Reduce Acid Rain

Fossil fuel usage for power generation has been associated to several harmful environmental impacts, such as the release of greenhouse gases and the production of acid rain. As a more sustainable option, utilizing renewable energy sources, such as hydro and wind power, has gained popularity in recent years. In 2020, approximately 4500 TWh and 1600 TWh of global electricity were generated from hydropower and wind power worldwide respectively. This proves, both wind and hydroelectric power have a great deal of potential for producing electricity sustainably. Moreover, using these renewable energies can significantly reduce acid rain. SO 2 (Sulphur Dioxide) and NO (Nitrogen oxide) emissions from burning fossil fuels combine with atmospheric water vapor generates H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) and HNO 3 (nitric acid), what causes acid rain. Acid rain can be reduced by using hydroelectric and wind energy instead of fossil fuels. This study points out the benefits of using hydro and wind power for eco-friendly electricity production and minimizing acid rain. A five-compartmental mathematical model included hydropower (H), wind power (W), fossil fuel (F), acid rain (A) and electricity (E) has been investigated here. The qualitative analysis of the model refers that, using hydro and wind power makes sustainable production of electricity easier and reduces acid rain.