Fauna stenica (Heteroptera) različitih ekosistema imolekularne karakteristike važnijih vrsta

Istraživanja faune stenica na prostoru Vojvodine uposlednjih nekoliko decenija baziraju se pre svega napraćenju brojnosti i štetnosti vrsta u pšenici, lucerki isoji. Malo je podataka o korisnim vrstama, kao idrugim vrstama koji imaju mali ili gotovo beznačajanuticaj na biljnu proizvodnju. Stoga je u ovom raduistražena fauna stenica različitih ekosistema kojiobuhvataju useve pšenice i lucerke, ali i biljkeruderalnih staništa i poljozaštitnih pojaseva navedenihkultura. Istovremeno je istražena i fauna stenica sabiljaka spontane flore na lokalitetima višihnadmorskih visina Fruške gore i Divčibara, kojepredstavljaju mesta prezimljavanja određenih vrsta.Podaci o prisutnim vrstama navedenih ekosistemapredstavljaju dodadatak dosadašnjim istraživanjimafaune stenica naše zemlje.Stenice su uzorkovane entomološkim kečeromi ručno na više od 48 lokaliteta na teritoriji Bačke,Fruške gore i Divčibara. Determinacija uzorkovanihjedinki rađena je prema morfološkim karakteristikamauz upotrebu odgovarajućih ključeva, pri čemu jezabeleženo ukupno 59 vrsta iz 14 familija. Najvećibroj vrsta zabeležen je na biljkama spontane flore,ukupno 42 vrste, zatim u usevu lucerke, 26 vrsta, anajmanji broj vrsta, ukupno 17, zabeleženo je u usevupšenice. Među uzorkovanim stenicama najviše je bilofitofagnih oligofagnih vrsta, ali je zabeleženo iprisustvo ukupno šest predatorskih vrsta.Kao dodatak morfološkoj determinaciji vrstaurađena je molekularna analiza osam vrsta, u prvomredu žitnih stenica iz familija Scutelleridae iPentatomidae, ali i tri izrazito polifagne vrste čijeprisustvo je zabeleženo na velikom broju lokaliteta.Kod pomenutih vrsta analiziran je mitohondrijalnicitohrom c oksidaza I standardni barkod fragmet iformirano je filogenetsko stablo. Ova istraživanjapredstavljaju preliminarna istraživanja stenica sanašeg podneblja na molekularnom nivou.Spisak registrovanih vrsta stenica, koji jejedan od rezultata ovog rada, predstavlja značajandoprinos poznavanju faune Heteroptera u gajenimkulturama, pšenici i lucerki, ali i na biljkama spontaneflore. Molekularna analiza ukazala je na sličnostpojedinih vrsta i rodova na molekularnom nivou iistovremeno potvrdila pozdanost morfološkihkaraktera u determinaciji stenica. Najvažnije osobinesvih registrovanih stenica koje su iznete u radupredstavljaju prilog izučavanju faune stenica uVojvodini, pa i Srbiji.

Faunistic research of true bugs (Heteroptera) inVojvodina, in several last decades was mainlyfocused on the most important pest species in wheat,alfalfa and soybean. There are very few data ofbeneficial species and/or species of low importance tonamed crops. Therefore the main focus of this workwas to investigate the whole fauna of true bugs indifferent ecosystems, including wheat, alfalfa andruderal plants in and around the cultivated fields. Atthe same time true bugs fauna of spontaneous flora inlocalities of higher altitudes, such as Fruška goramountain and Divčibare, was also investigated. List ofregistered species is a great contribution to the faunaof true bugs in Vojvodina and Serbia.During research true bugs were sampled bysweep net and by hand, at more than 48 localities allaround the Bačka region (Vojvodina), as well as inFruška gora mountain and Divčibare. Specimens wereidentified according to their morphology, using manykeys for identification. 59 species belonging to 14terrestrial families were recorded. The most specieswere recorded in spontaneous flora, 42 in total. Thiswas followed by 26 species in alfalfa fields and only17 species registered in wheat. Most of these specieswere phytophagous and only six were predaceous.Presence of zoophagous specimens is important asindicator of biological balance which exists indescribed environment despite the human activity.Molecular analysis of eight true bugs specieswas done as additional method for identification ofsampled specimens. Species were chosen by theirimportance in wheat fields, and by their presence ineach sampled ecosystem. Mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit I gene was analyzed and phylogenetictree was constructed. This is a preliminary survey oftrue bugs in Vojvodina on molecular level.List of recorded true bug species, as one of the resultsof this work, is a contribution to the list of species inwheat and alfalfa which includes not only pestspecies, but beneficial and neutral ones as well.Knowledge of true bugs species which inhabitspontaneous plants around the fields is of importancefor cultivated crops having in mind bugs vicinity andability to live and hide inside of different plants.Molecular analysis revealed the similarity of somespecies and genera at molecular level and at the sametime confirmed the reliability of morphologicalcharacters in identification of true bugs. The mostimportant characteristics of recorded species weregiven as contribution of true bugs investigations inVojvodina and Serbia.