PARAMETERS OF ANTHROPOGENIC COMPACTION, SOIL STRUCTURE DEGRADATION AND CRUST FORMATION IN DIFFERENT TILLAGE METHODS
In: Agronomski glasnik : Glasilo Hrvatskog agronomskog društva, Jg. 80 (2018), Heft 4
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Zugriff:
Istraživanja su provedena na pokušalištu Visokog gospodarskog učilišta u Križevcima (N: 46o01l12ll E:16o34l28ll). Istraživani su načini (varijante) obrade tla s manjim i većim brojem zahvata dopunske obrade uz korištenje različitih ratila s jesenskim i proljetnim rokom osnovne obrade. Na pet varijanata obrade tla uzgajani su jari usjevi u plodosmjeni: kukuruz (Zea mays L.) u 2008. godini i soja (Glycine max L.) u 2009. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih načina i rokova obrade na antropogeno zbijanje, kvarenje strukture i opasnost od stvaranja pokorice, kako bi se mogao preporučiti najpovoljniji način i rok obrade tla. Izračunati su sljedeći fizikalni parametri: omjer disperzije (DR), omjer disperzije gline (CDR), indeks flokulacije (CFI), koeficijent pora (e), gustoća pakiranja čestica (Gp), rizik od stvaranja pokorice (R) i parametar stabilnosti strukturnih agregata (St). Najpovoljnije stanje stabilnosti strukture (St), utvrđeno je kod varijante gdje je osnovna obrada i priprema tla sjetvospremačem provedena u proljeće, dok je najnepovoljnije stanje utvrđeno kod varijante s najvećim brojem zahvata obrade (varijanta E). Najveća vrijednost ovog parametra i najmanja opasnost od zbijanja tla i erozije zabilježena je nakon uzgoja soje. Najveće vrijednosti gustoće pakiranja čestica tla (Gp) nakon berbe kukuruza bile su kod varijanata kod kojih je osnovna obrada tla provedena u jesen, a predsjetvena priprema tanjuračom i sjetvo-spremačem (varijante D i E). U obje godine istraživanja utvrđen je najmanji rizik od stvaranja pokorice (R) kod varijante s proljetnim oranjem i pripreme tla sjetvospremačem, a najveća vrijednost ovog parametra i ujedno najpovoljnije stanje bilo je nakon uzgoja soje. Temeljem navedenoga, sa stanovišta održivog gospodarenja tlom, na pseudogleju pjeskovito ilovaste teksture može se preporučiti osnovna obrada tla u proljeće i njegova priprema sjetvo-spremačem.
Research was conducted at Križevci College of Agriculture (N: 46o01l12ll E:16o34l28ll). Different tillage methods (variants) were studied with a smaller and larger number of secondary tillage treatments using different tools for tilling during the autumn and spring period of primary tillage. The following crops were cultivated on five different variants of soil cultivation in crops rotation: corn (Zea mays L.) in 2008 and soybean (Glycine max L.) in 2009. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of different methods and treatment times on anthropogenic compaction, structure deformation and the risk of crust formation, in order to recommend the optimal method and time of soil tillage. The following physical parameters were calculated: dispersion ratio (DR), clay dispersion ratio (CDR), flocculant index (CFI), pore coefficient (e), particle density (Gp), risk of crust formation (R) and stability parameter of structural aggregates (St). The most favourable condition of structure stability (St) was found in the variant in which primary tillage and soil preparation with seedbed cultivator was carried out in the spring, while the most unfavourable condition was found in the variant with the largest number of treatments. The highest value of this parameter and the lowest risk of soil compaction and erosion was observed after soybean growing. The highest density values of the soil particle size (PD) after corn harvesting were in the variants where the primary tillage was carried out in autumn and preparation of the soil before sowing with discs and seedbed cultivator. In both research years, the lowest risk of crust formation (R) was determined in the variant with spring primary tillage and preparation of the soil before sowing with seedbed cultivator, and the highest value of this parameter and the most favourable condition were after soybean cultivation. From the point of sustainable soil management and based on the facts mentioned above, primary tillage, as well as its preparation with a seedbed cultivator, is recommended in the spring.
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PARAMETERS OF ANTHROPOGENIC COMPACTION, SOIL STRUCTURE DEGRADATION AND CRUST FORMATION IN DIFFERENT TILLAGE METHODS
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Špoljar, Andrija ; Kvaternjak, Ivka ; Kisić, Ivica |
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Zeitschrift: | Agronomski glasnik : Glasilo Hrvatskog agronomskog društva, Jg. 80 (2018), Heft 4 |
Veröffentlichung: | Croatian society of agronomist, 2018 |
Medientyp: | unknown |
ISSN: | 1848-8900 (print) ; 0002-1954 (print) |
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