Energy-Efficient CMOS Humidity Sensors Using Adaptive Range-Shift Zoom CDC and Power-Aware Floating Inverter Amplifier Array
In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Jg. 56 (2021-12-01), S. 3560-3572
Online
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Zugriff:
This article presents an adaptive zoom-capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC)-based CMOS humidity sensor. The humidity sensor is realized by means of two differential capacitors whose dielectrics are sensitive to humidity. The sensing capacitors are interfaced with a zoom CDC, which consists of a successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a 3rd-order delta–sigma modulator ( $\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ ). The SAR ADC eliminates the influence of the baseline capacitance to reduce the input range of the $\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ . To improve the energy efficiency of the CDC across the full input range, a power-aware floating inverter amplifier (FIA) array is proposed, which is configured based on the conversion results of the SAR logic. In addition, an adaptive range-shift (ARS) zoom CDC is proposed to: 1) resist off-chip parasitics and interference and 2) allow low redundancy and a more energy-efficient FIA-based comparator, thus reducing power consumption. The proposed CMOS humidity sensor is implemented in a 0.11- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. Measurement results show a capacitance resolution of 17.9 aF and an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 14.0 within a conversion time of 1.01 ms. The proposed humidity sensor consumes 1.5 $\mu \text{W}$ of power and exhibits a 0.0094 % relative humidity (RH) resolution and a ±1.5 %RH peak-to-peak accuracy (3 $\sigma $ error of 5.5 %RH) among 12 chips from 20 to 85 %RH, and it achieves a figure of merit (FoM) of 0.135 pJ $\cdot $ %RH 2 , which is more than six times better than the state of the art.
Titel: |
Energy-Efficient CMOS Humidity Sensors Using Adaptive Range-Shift Zoom CDC and Power-Aware Floating Inverter Amplifier Array
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Zhang, Hao ; Tan, Zhichao ; Ru, Jiayoon ; Bao, Yuanxin ; Zhang, Yihan ; Xiao, Han ; Li, Heyi ; Shen, Linxiao ; Ye, Le ; Du, Kaixuan ; Huang, Ru |
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Zeitschrift: | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Jg. 56 (2021-12-01), S. 3560-3572 |
Veröffentlichung: | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2021 |
Medientyp: | unknown |
ISSN: | 1558-173X (print) ; 0018-9200 (print) |
DOI: | 10.1109/jssc.2021.3114189 |
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