NiO nanoparticles electrodeposited on reduced GO–CuO nanocomposite bulk modified CCE as a sensitive glucose sensor

A novel enzymeless glucose sensor based on nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles electrodeposited on reduced graphene oxide-copper oxide nanocomposite bulk modified carbon ceramic electrode (rGO-CuO/CCE) was reported. The prepared NiO/rGO-CuO/CCE was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic-force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Electrocatalytic performance of the NiO/rGO-CuO/CCE was investigated in details for the electro-oxidation of glucose using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques. The developed sensor responds efficiently to glucose over the concentration range 5-920 μM with the detection limit 2.63 μM and sensitivity 5980 μA mM -1 cm -2 . According to EIS studies, ternary presence of rGO, CuO and NiO nanoparticles increased the electron transfer performance and sensitivity of NiO/rGO-CuO/CCE to glucose. The prepared sensor was applied for the determination of glucose in human serum samples with satisfactory results. Owing to renewable and polishable surface, high sensitivity, reproducible responses and long-term stability, the developed sensor could be used in clinical applications.