Charge Density Wave and Electron-Phonon Interaction in Epitaxial Monolayer NbSe2 Films

Understanding the interplay between superconductivity and charge-density wave (CDW) in NbSe2 is vital for both fundamental physics and future device applications. Here, combining scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, we study the CDW phase in the monolayer NbSe2 films grown on various substrates of bilayer graphene (BLG), SrTiO3(111), and Al2O3(0001). It is found that the two stable CDW states of monolayer NbSe2 can coexist on NbSe2/BLG surface at liquid-nitrogen temperature. For the NbSe2/SrTiO3(111) sample, the unidirectional CDW regions own the kinks at ±41 meV and a wider gap at 4.2 K. It is revealed that the charge transfer from the substrates to the grown films will influence the configurations of the Fermi surface, and induce a 130 meV lift-up of the Fermi level with a shrink of the Fermi pockets in NbSe2/SrTiO3(111) compared with the NbSe2/BLG. Combining the temperature-dependent Raman experiments, we suggest that the electron-phonon coupling in monolayer NbSe2 dominates its CDW phase transition.