A 100% wind, water, sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy plan for Washington State
In: Renewable Energy, Jg. 86 (2016-02-01), S. 75-88
Online
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Zugriff:
This study analyzes the potential and consequences of Washington State's use of wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) to produce electricity and electrolytic hydrogen for 100% of its all-purposes energy (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, industry) by 2050, with 80–85% conversion by 2030. Electrification plus modest efficiency measures can reduce Washington State's 2050 end-use power demand by ∼39.9%, with ∼80% of the reduction due to electrification, and can stabilize energy prices since WWS fuel costs are zero. The remaining demand can be met, in one scenario, with ∼35% onshore wind, ∼13% offshore wind, ∼10.73% utility-scale PV, ∼2.9% residential PV, ∼1.5% commercial/government PV, ∼0.65% geothermal, ∼0.5% wave, ∼0.3% tidal, and ∼35.42% hydropower. Converting will require only 0.08% of the state's land for new footprint and ∼2% for spacing between new wind turbines (spacing that can be used for multiple purposes). It will further result in each person in the state saving ∼$85/yr in direct energy costs and ∼$950/yr in health costs [eliminating ∼830 (190–1950)/yr statewide premature air pollution mortalities] while reducing global climate costs by ∼$4200/person/yr (all in 2013 dollars). Converting will therefore improve health and climate while reducing costs.
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A 100% wind, water, sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy plan for Washington State
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Bazouin, Guillaume ; Provost, Graham A. ; Hughes, Shea A. ; Zack A.F. Bauer ; Whitney, Natasha S. ; Gerrit M.T.H. de Moor ; Kapadia, Moiz ; Mullendore, Seth ; Goldner, Elissa G. ; Yeskoo, Tim ; Arghandeh, Reza ; Dvorak, Michael J. ; Heier, Casey ; Srivastava, Chandrika ; Jacobson, Mark Z. ; Menon, Carishma ; Holmes, Randall T. ; Jin, Lingzhi ; Cotte, Ariane ; Paris, Emily ; Romano, Andrea R. ; Delucchi, Mark A. ; Vencill, Taylor A. |
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Zeitschrift: | Renewable Energy, Jg. 86 (2016-02-01), S. 75-88 |
Veröffentlichung: | Elsevier BV, 2016 |
Medientyp: | unknown |
ISSN: | 0960-1481 (print) |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.003 |
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