The comparison of the relationships of L2 motivation, attitudes, speaking strategies and WTC according to the levels of WTC

This study explored the relationships between attitudes, motivation, oral speaking strategies and willingness to communicate (WTC) according to the levels of WTC using structural equation modeling. A total of 234 Korean EFL university students participated in the study. Results showed that for high-WTC learners, attitudes and speaking strategies directly affected WTC, whereas motivation indirectly affected WTC through speaking strategies. On the other hand, for mid-WTC learners, speaking strategies and motivation directly affected WTC but attitude indirectly affected WTC. For low-WTC learners, motivation directly affected WTC and attitudes indirectly affected WTC. According to the results, pedagogical implications were suggested.