A discovery-driven approach to elucidate urinary metabolome changes after a regular and moderate consumption of beer and nonalcoholic beer in subjects at high cardiovascular risk

cope The aim of this work was to study the urinary metabolomics changes of participants that consumed beer, non-alcoholic beer and gin. Methods and results Thirty-three males at high cardiovascular risk between 55 and 75 years old participated in an open, randomized, crossover, controlled trial with three nutritional interventions consisting of beer, non-alcoholic beer and gin for four weeks. Diet and physical activity was monitored throughout the study and compliance was assessed by measurement of urinary isoxanthohumol. Metabolomic analysis was performed in urine samples by liquid chromatography coupled to an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer combined with univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. 10 metabolites were identified. Eight were exogenous metabolites related to beer, non-alcoholic beer or gin consumption, but two of them were related to endogenic changes: hydroxyadipic acid linked to fatty acid oxidation, and 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, which correlated with a decrease in urinary creatinine. Plasmatic acylcarnitines were quantified by targeted mass spectrometry. A regular and moderate consumption of beer and non-alcoholic beer decreased stearoylcarnitine concentrations. Conclusion Humulinone and 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid showed to be potential biomarkers of beer and non-alcoholic beer consumption. Moreover, the results of this trial provide new evidence that the non-alcoholic fraction of beer may increase fatty oxidation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved