Evaluation of microvascularization in focal salivary gland lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and Color Doppler sonography

Objective To evaluate the dynamic microvascularization of focal salivary gland lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and Color Doppler sonography. Materials and methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with 183 major salivary gland lesions (mean age, 56 years; age range, 12-83 years) underwent gray-scale ultrasonography (US), Color Doppler (CD) and CEUS. The CD and CEUS patterns were classified into three types (scores 0-3). Combined score grades were calculated based on the CD and CEUS pattern scores. The time-intensity curve (TIC) parameters of CEUS were then analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of combined score grades were also calculated. Results Among all the lesions, there were 161 in parotid gland, 22 in submandibular gland and 157 lesions were benign and 26 were malignant. For score grades (combined CEUS patterns with CD types), scores 1-2 were graded as benign; scores 3-4 were graded as indetermination-suspicious benign or malignant and scores 5-6 were graded as malignant.score 5-6 and score 1-2 indicated 24 (92.3%) and 135 (85.9%) malignant and benign lesions confirmed pathologically, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predicted value of combined score grades for malignant lesions were 92.3% and 98.5%, respectively. In addition, TIC analysis indicates that PI and AUC in malignant lesions were higher than those in benign lesions (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusion The combined score grade could be a useful method to assess the macro-and micro-vascularization and to differentiated diagnose benign and malignant lesions in major salivary glands.