Ultrasound of scrotal and penile emergency: how, why and when

High-resolution ultrasound is the most common imaging technique used to supplement the physical examination of scrotum and penis with great accuracy in assisting the diagnosis of the various pathologies of male genital system, with the highest diagnostic potential in emergency conditions. Technical advancements in real-time high-resolution, color flow Doppler sonography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) have led to an increase in the clinical applications of scrotal and penile sonography. In this pictorial review we focus on common and uncommon male genitalia emergency with special emphasis on the role of ultrasound assessment and its specific findings to improve diagnostic accuracy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40477-020-00500-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.