Liposome-Mediated Delivery of Iminosugars Enhances Efficacy against Dengue Virus In Vivo

A key challenge faced by promising antiviral drugs, such as iminosugars, is in vivo delivery to achieve effective levels of drug without toxicity. Four iminosugars, all deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) derivatives— N -butyl DNJ ( N B-DNJ), N -nonyl DNJ, N -(9-methoxynonyl) DNJ, and N -(6′-[4″-azido-2″-nitrophenylamino]hexyl)-1-DNJ ( N AP-DNJ)—potently inhibited both the percentage of cells infected with dengue virus and release of infectious virus from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, demonstrating their efficacy in primary cells. In a lethal antibody-dependent enhancement mouse model of dengue pathogenesis, free N B-DNJ significantly enhanced survival and lowered viral load in organs and serum. Liposome-mediated delivery of N B-DNJ, in comparison with free N B-DNJ, resulted in a 3-log 10 reduction in the dose of drug sufficient to enhance animal survival. The optimizing of the effective dose in this way could liberate the therapeutic potential of many cytotoxic antivirals against both dengue virus and a wide array of other viruses.