Relationships between Low-Level Jet and Low Visibility Associated with Precipitation, Air Pollution, and Fog in Tianjin

In this study, relationships between low-level jet (LLJ) and low visibility associated with precipitation, air pollution, and fog in Tianjin are investigated based on observational data from January to December, 2016. Statistical results show 55% of precipitation is accompanied by LLJ, and two causes responsible for the relatively high percentage are presented. The result of case analysis shows that some southwesterly LLJs are favorable for the formation of precipitation by transporting water vapor when the water vapor channel from the South China Sea or Bengal Bay to Bohai Rim region is established. Statistical results show 55% of pollution episodes (PEs) are accompanied by LLJs. When pollutions are observed in the southern industrial regions, nocturnal southwesterly LLJ, which can carry polluted air masses from polluted regions to Tianjin and induce turbulent mixing, can enhance surface PM2.5 concentration and is favorable for the formation of surface pollution at night. Nocturnal northerly or southeasterly LLJ leads to clear air masses mixing with polluted air masses and is favorable for increasing visibility. Contributions of southwesterly LLJs to the formation of fog and precipitation are similar, which both rely on establishing the water vapor channel despite occurrence heights of LLJs being different.