Quality of meat and milk of PodolianTI cattle

Prema postavljenom cilju istraživanja, ispitivani su kvalitet mesa i mlekapodolskog govečeta u Republici Srbiji.Ispitivanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 23 grla, od kojih 12 krava i 11muških junadi na lokaciji u Bačkoj Topoli.Utvrđena prosečna telesna masa muške junadi podolske rase, koja sukorišćena u ovom istraživanju iznosila je 445,91 kg, sa prosečnim randmanomprimarne obrade od 53,64 %.4Masa glave bez rogova u proseku je bila 12,11 kg, a masa kože je iznosila39,27 kg. Prosečna masa unutrašnjih organa iznosila je: bubrezi sa lojem 4,02 kg,jetra 5,00 kg, srce 1,76 kg, pluća 4,88 kg i slezina 0,86 kg. Utvrđena je prosečnamasa leve polutke od 121,68 kg, a desne polutke od 120,71 kg.Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MLD u proseku subile: L*-svetloća 34,61, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,18, b*-udeo žute boje 6,54, kalokuvanja 44,30 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 5,52 (cm2). U proseku, sadržaj vodeje iznosio 75,43 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,57 %, sadržaj proteina 21,32 %,sadržaj ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,90 %. Utvrđenavrednost sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 1,43 %, dok je sadržajhidroksi prolina bio 0,05 %.Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MSM u proseku subile: L*-svetloća 35,41, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,84, b*-udeo žute boje 6,64, kalokuvanja 46,46 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 7,30. U proseku, sadržaj vode jeiznosio 75,68 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,32 %, sadržaj proteina 21,02 %, sadržajukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,82 %. Utvrđena vrednostsadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 0,47 %, dok je sadržaj hidroksiprolina bio 0,06 %.Ispitivanjem senzornih osobina kod MLD i MSM utvrđeno je sledeće:Intezitet boje MLD iznosio je 4,1, a MSM 4,0. Prosečna vrednost teksture MLDiznosila je 4,3, a MSM 4,1. Mramoriranost MLD u proseku je iznosila 4,0, a kodMSM 4,3. Utvrđena prosečna vrednost nežnosti MLD iznosila je 4,4, a kod MSM5,3. Sočnost kod MLD u proseku je iznosila 5,1, a kod MSM 4,7.Ispitivanjem osobina mlečnosti ustanovljeno je, da je prosečno trajanjelaktacije iznosilo 152 dana, prinos mleka u proseku je bio 988,00 kg, sadržajmlečne masti 4,24 %, a sadržaj proteina 3,99 %. Poređenjem osobina mlečnostiizmeđu prvotelki i starijih krava utvrđeno je, da je prosečno trajanje laktacije kodprvotelki iznosilo 148 dana, a kod starijih krava 156 dana, količina mleka kodprvotelki u laktaciji iznosila je 907 kg, a kod starijih krava 1.056 kg. Sadržajmlečne masti kod prvotelki iznosio je 4,23 %, a kod starijih krava 4,25 %, dok jesadržaj proteina u mleku kod prvotelki iznosio 3,94 %, a kod starijih krava 4,04 %.Prosečne vrednosti svih ispitivanih osobina mlečnosti između prvotelki istarijih krava nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale (p>0,05).

Towards the objectives of research, we examine the quality of meat and milkof Podolian cattle in the Republic of Serbia.The study included a total of 23 animals, of which 12 cows and 11 steers atthe location in Bačka Topola.Determined by the average body weight of steers the podolian breed, whichwere used in this study was 445,91 kg, with an average dressing percentage ofprimary treatment of 53,64 %.8The mass of the head without the horns, the average was 12,11 kg, a mass ofskin was 39,27 kg. The average weight of internal organs were: kidney with fat4,02 kg, liver 5,00 kg, heart 1,76 kg, lungs 4,88 kg, and spleen 0,86 kg. Determinethe average mass of the left carcass of 121,68 kg, and the right carcass of 120,71kg.The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:L*-lightness 34,61, part of a*-red color 20,18, part of b*-yellow color 6,54,cooking loss 44,30 % and water holding 5,52. On average, the water content was75,43 %, total solids content of 24,57 %, protein content 21,32 %, ash content 1,09%, and free fat content of 1,90 %. The determined value of the connective tissueaveraged 1,43 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,05 %.The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:L*-lightness 35,41, part of a*-red color 20,84, part of b*-yellow color 6,64,cooking loss 46,46 % and water holding 7,30. On average, the water content was75,68 %, total solids content of 24,32 %, protein content 21,02 %, ash content 1,09%, and free fat content of 1,82 %. The determined value of the connective tissueaveraged 0,47 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,06 %.By examining the sensory properties of the MLD and the MSM has shownthe following: Intensity of color MLD was 4,1 and 4,0 of MSM. The average valueof the texture MLD was 4,3 and 4,1 of MSM. Marbling MLD averaged 4,0 and 4,3for MSM. The determined average value of tenderness MLD was 4,4 and 5,3 forMSM. Juiciness of MLD averaged a 5,1 in MSM 4,7.The examination of milk traits were found that the average duration oflactation period was 152 days, milk yield on average was 988,00 kg, milk fatcontent 4,24 % and 3,99 % protein content. Comparison of milk production traitsbetween primiparas and older cows showed that the average duration of lactationin primiparas amounted to 148 days, and for older cows 156 days, the amount ofmilk in lactating primiparas was 907 kg, and for older cows 1.056 kg. Milk fatcontent at first calving was 4,23 % and 4,25 % of older cows, while milk proteincontent at first calving was 3,94 % and 4,04 % of older cows.The average values of all the traits of milk production between primiparasand older cows were not significant (p> 0.05).