High-speed Readout System of X-ray CMOS Image Sensor for Time Domain Astronomy
2024
Online
report
We developed an FPGA-based high-speed readout system for a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to observe soft X-ray transients in future satellite missions, such as HiZ-GUNDAM. Our previous research revealed that the CMOS image sensor has low-energy X-ray detection capability (0.4-4 keV) and strong radiation tolerance, which satisfies the requirements of the HiZ-GUNDAM mission. However, CMOS sensors typically have small pixel sizes (e.g., $\sim$10 ${\rm \mu m}$), resulting in large volumes of image data. GSENSE400BSI has 2048$\times$2048 pixels, producing 6 Mbyte per frame. These large volumes of observed raw image data cannot be stored in a satellite bus system with a limited storage size. Therefore, only X-ray photon events must be extracted from the raw image data. Furthermore, the readout time of CMOS image sensors is approximately ten times faster than that of typical X-ray CCDs, requiring faster event extraction on a timescale of $\sim$0.1 s. To address these issues, we have developed an FPGA-based image signal processing system capable of high-speed X-ray event extraction onboard without storing raw image data. The developed compact system enabled mounting on a CubeSat mission, facilitating early in-orbit operation demonstration. Here, we present the design and results of the performance evaluation tests of the proposed FPGA-based readout system. Utilizing X-ray irradiation experiments, the results of the X-ray event extraction with the onboard and offline processing methods were consistent, validating the functionality of the proposed system.
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High-speed Readout System of X-ray CMOS Image Sensor for Time Domain Astronomy
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Ogino, Naoki ; Arimoto, Makoto ; Sawano, Tatsuya ; Yonetoku, Daisuke ; Shen, Hsien-chieh ; Sakamoto, Takanori ; Hiraga, Junko S. ; Yatsu, Yoichi ; Mihara, Tatehiro |
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Veröffentlichung: | 2024 |
Medientyp: | report |
DOI: | 10.1088/1748-0221/19/01/C01006 |
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