Fitocoenological typology of beech forests of Carpathian biosphere reserve ; Фітоценологічна типологія букових лісів Карпатського біосферного заповідника

Carpathian Biosphere Reserve is located in the Transcarpathian region on the south-western macro-slope of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Beech forests on the territory of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve are represented by 16subformations and 124associations. The construction of a generalized typological scheme of beech forests of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve on the basis of a dominance classification was carried out by means of graphical visualization of the results of indirect ordination in relation to the distribution of 33species-dominants of herbal coverage in the context of 16subformations. The evaluation of complex environmental gradients that determine the structure and direction of variation of forest vegetation was performed on the basis of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). To interpret the axes of ordination, the correlation of species coordinates with their environmental parameters on Ellenberg's ecological scales was determined. Organizing phytocoenological data on the basis of Detrended Correspondence Analysis allows executing a geometric interpretation of phytocoenological data and presents a dominance classification in the form of a typological scheme. The phytocoenological typological scheme of beech forests of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve can be represented as a hexagon, in the centre of which there is the subformation of Fageta (sylvaticae), and in the corners are as follows: 1) Carpineto (betuli)-Fageta (sylvaticae), Fraxineto (excelsioris)-Fageta (sylvaticae) 2) Abieto (albae)-Piceeto (abietis)-Fageta (sylvaticae), Piceeto (abietis)-Abieto (albae)-Fageta (sylvaticae) 3) Piceeto (abietis)-Fageta (sylvaticae) 4) Sorbeto (aucupariae)-Fageta (sylvaticae) 5) Querceto (petraeae)-Fageta (sylvaticae) 6) Fraxineto (excelsioris)-Ulmeto (glabrae)-Fageta (sylvaticae), Querceto (roboris)-Fageta (sylvaticae). In a three-dimensional space, the typological scheme has the form of a hexagonal pyramid, on the top of which there are the subformations Acereto (pseudoplatani)-Fraxineto (excelsioris)-Fageta ...