EVROPSKA UNIJA IN SVETOVNA TRGOVINSKA ORGANIZACIJA ; European Union and World Trade Organization

Vsebino diplomskega seminarja sem predstavila s teoretičnega vidika. Predstavila sem Evropsko unijo in Svetovno trgovinsko organizacijo ter njuno politično in gospodarsko sodelovanje. Države po eni strani sklepajo močna zavezništva in po drugi strani med sabo tekmujejo in kažejo svojo premoč nad drugo. Kot rešitev za to je nastala Svetovna trgovinska organizacija, ki ureja pravila trgovanja med državami članicami. Te so dolžne spoštovati podpisana in sprejeta pravila. Vendar se žal v praksi pogosto dogaja, da države kršijo sporazume in škodujejo druga drugi. Zaradi tega je obstoj mehanizma za reševanje sporov znotraj STO nujen. Slednji deluje v okviru STO in pomaga reševati spore med članicami, ko le-te sporov ne morejo rešiti na miren, sporazumen način. Mehanizem je v dosedanji praksi deloval zelo dobro, vsekakor pa precej bolje kot njegovi predhodniki v okviru GATT. Vendar ima le-ta kljub vsem svojim izboljšavam pomanjkljivosti, ki bi se morale odpraviti. To je mehanizem, ki temelji na soglasnih odločitvah vseh držav članic STO. Vse imajo pravico aktivnega sodelovanja in posegajo vanj. To možnost države izkoristijo s tem, da dodajajo predloge, mnenja in komentarje. Vsakdanja praksa je, da imajo bogatejše in ekonomsko močnejše države na večini področij velik vpliv. Pogosto njihova dejanja posegajo v obnašanje vseh držav. Pri tem STO ni nobena izjema. V seminarju sem predstavila predvsem vpliv in vlogo, ki jo ima v mehanizmu za reševanje sporov EU. Vpliv in vloga EU v Svetovni trgovinski organizaciji sta vsekakor velika. Sočasno s tem je precej velik tudi njen vpliv v STO in mehanizmu za reševanje sporov. Svojo moč v trgovanju izkorišča s tem, da prisili svoje tekmece v spoštovanje svojih pravil, vendar vse še vedno bolj ali manj v okvirjih, ki so sprejemljivi za nasprotno stran. Na podoben način izraža svoj vpliv v STO. EU aktivno sodeluje v sporih od samega obstoja mehanizma. Mehanizem zelo dobro pozna. Iz lastnih izkušenj ve, kje so šibke točke in kako bi bilo možno le-te odpraviti ter s tem mehanizmom še izboljšati. Samo izboljšanje mehanizma pa ni glavni razlog, zakaj je EU posegla s svojimi predlogi v delovanje slednjega. Glavni razlog je verjetno v tem, da si od sprememb obeta največ koristi ravno ona in seveda države pod njenim okriljem. ; The content of my work was taken from the theoretical view. I presented the European Union and the world trade organization and their political and economical cooperation. Countries are gathering strong alliances but on the other hand they are competing among each other and they are showing their strength to one another. As a solution for this the World Trade Organization was established. It regulates the rules of trading between its members, which are obligated to respect them. But in practice those rules are often broken. And because of that the existence of mechanism for solving disputes in WTO is necessary. This mechanism works inside of the WTO and helps solve disputes between members if they can't solve them in calm way. This mechanism works wary well, and absolutely better than its forerunners. But after all it still has its flaws that should be dispatched. The mechanism is founded on mutual decisions of each WTO member. Every country has the right to participate. This is reached by giving proposals, opinions and comments. Richer and economical stronger countries have bigger influence and often their reactions interfere in behaviour of other countries. And WTO is no exception. In my seminar I introduced the influence of EU in mechanism for solving disputes. The influence and a part that EU has in WTO are big. At the same time its part in WTO and in mechanism for solving disputes is also important. It's using its strength so it forces its rivals in respecting the rules. But everything is made within boundaries that are still acceptable for the opposite party. Its part expresses in a similar way in WTO. EU participates in disputes from the very beginning of the mechanism, and it knows it well. WU knows weak points and how to eliminate them and how to make mechanism even better. But just making the mechanism better is not the main reason why EU interfered in operating with its proposals. The main reason is that EU and its members gain the most.