A use of the microdosimetric Kinetic Model (MKM) for the interpretation of cell irradiation in the framework of the hadrontherapy : Application of Monte‐Carlo simulations. ; Utilisation d'un modèle microdosimétrique cinétique (MKM) pour l'interprétation d'irradiations cellulaires dans le cadre de l'hadronthérapie : Application de simulations Monte‐Carlo.

DU : 2016, EDSF: 637 ; Hadrontherapy is a cancer treatment method based on the use of heavy charged particles. The physical characteristics of these particles allow more precise targeting of tumours and offer higher biological efficiency than photons and electrons. This thesis addresses the problem of modelling the biological effects induced by such particles. One part of this work is devoted to the analysis of the Monte‐Carlo simulation toolkit ʺGeant4ʺ used to simulate the physical stage of the particle interactions with the biological medium. We evaluated the ability of ʺGeant4ʺ to simulate the microscopic distribution of energy deposition produced by charged particles and we compared these results with those of another simulation code dedicated to radiobiological applications. The other part of the work is dedicated to the study of two radiobiological models that are the LEM (Local Effect Model) based on an amorphous track structure approach and the MKM (Microdosimetric Kinetic Model) based on microdosimetric approach. A theoretical analysis of both models and a comparison of their concepts are presented. Then we focused on a detailed analysis of the microdosimetric model ʺMKMʺ. Finally, we applied the MKM to reproduce the experimental results obtained at GANIL by irradiation of two tumour cell lines (cell line SCC61 and SQ20B) of different radiosensitivity with carbon and argon ions. ; L'hadronthérapie est une technique de traitement de cancer basée sur l'utilisation de particules lourdes chargées. Les caractéristiques physiques de ces particules permettent un ciblage plus précis des tumeurs et une efficacité biologique supérieure à celle des photons et des électrons. Ce travail de thèse traite la problématique de la modélisation des effets biologiques induits par ce type de particules. Une partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'analyse de l'outil de simulation Monte‐Carlo " Geant4 ", utilisé pour simuler la phase physique de l'interaction des particules avec le milieu biologique. Nous avons évalué la ...