Integration and optimization of perovskite/CI(G)S monolithic tandem solar cells ; Optimisation de fabrication de cellules solaires tandem perovskite/CIGS

For several industrial applications, there is an interest for lightweight, flexible solar cells. Thin film technologies are already employed for this purpose, but could be combined in tandem architecture to further improve the performances of such devices. Here we study to possibility to combine CIGS and perovskite absorber layers in a monolithic tandem design, in order to exploit the possibility for both materials to change their bandgap by modifying their chemical composition.CIGS is a photovoltaic technology developed in the 1970s decade that is still employed to this day for flexible applications. On the other hand, lead halide perovskite solar cells exist since only since the last decade but already hold the promise of low-cost, high efficiency flexible solar panels, despite concerns regarding their long-term environmental stability.The main challenges concerning monolithic integration of perovskite/CIGS devices have been established in literature, and tackled by various approaches. Mainly, the layers of the perovskite top cell should be deposited at low-temperatures to avoid the degradation of the CIGS bottom cell, whose high surface roughness can hinder the conformal deposition of said layers.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of low-temperature route HTL for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. We start by investigating the electron blocking properties of ALD NiOx layers films, as well as the surface chemistry and electronic properties of NiOx films for different deposition temperature, post-annealing temperatures and surface modification protocols. We then study the effect of these treatments on complete solar cells.During the second chapter, we describe the adaptation of a p-i-n opaque solar cell architecture to a semi-transparent configuration, necessary for tandem applications. We therefore consider several metal oxide options to integrate in the solar cell architecture to make it more resilient towards harsh sputtering processes.Finally, we studied the possibility to minimize ...