Nature-human relations in Shamanism and other ancient Turkic literature

Shamanism has been a rich belief system in ancient Turkic history. The shamans considered the heavenly god to be a supernatural force. The shamanistic worldview, which regulates the relationship between spirits and people and is based on practical beliefs, has influenced all layers of ancient Turkic culture from time to time. Shamanism, as a belief close to the Turkic spirit, is conditioned by understanding and believing in nature. The concept of belief in environmental factors is very broad and comprehensive. Their practical activity in the belief system is directly related to nature. Therefore, all components of the environment have found a place in shamanic sayings and legends. Shamanism, which is inherently difficult and sacred, usually takes place not out of nature, but in the mountains, lakes and rivers, forests and lands. For this reason, shamans have a very strong belief in nature. The cult of wood and stone is of special importance in shamanic miracles and beliefs. Their attitude towards animals as a living organism is also innate. The article examines the measures taken in shamanism and ancient Turkic literature to believe in nature, attitude to the environment and its protection. In the belief system of the ancient Turks, nature was perceived as a divine being. Shamans, based on its power, heal sick people, easily solve difficult problems, prevent the extinction of offspring by performing appropriate rites of reproduction, and ensure the sustainability of the species. The shamans cursed the people, punished them, and tried to educate them and bring them back to the right path. At that time, various animals were used as a means. As can be seen, our research also addresses issues such as biodiversity, a healthy environment and its protection, and human ecology. Our research shows that the ancient Turks' way of life and their belief system always had a special attitude to nature.