Ap is necessary for LTM.

The underlying data can be found in S1 Data . (A) WT, ap rk568 /+, and ap null /+ flies were used in the experiments. Males were tested for 1 hour after 1-hour conditioning (1-hour memory). (B) WT, ap rk568 /+, and ap null /+ flies were used in the experiments. Males were tested on day 5 after 7-hour conditioning (5-day memory). (C) Real-time qRT-PCR analysis of ap mRNA expression level. hs-GAL4 was used for the induction of ap RNAi. Mean ± SEM was calculated from 5 to 6 replicates. HS−, non–heat-shocked flies. HS+, flies with heat-shock treatment (20 minutes) 3 hours before RNA extraction. *, P < 0.05; NS, not significant. Error bars show SEM in each figure. (D) Five-day memory after 7-hour conditioning in flies with or without a 20-minute heat-shock treatment 3 hours before conditioning [HS+ (1)]. (E) Five-day memory after 7-hour conditioning. HS+ (2), flies with heat-shock treatment immediately after conditioning. (F) Five-day memory after 7-hour conditioning. HS+ (3), flies with heat-shock treatment 3 hours before test. (A, B, and D–F) Box plots for a set of CI data show fifth, 25th, 75th, and 95th centiles. In the box plots, the black square in each box indicates the mean, the line in each box is drawn at the median, the white boxes indicate naive males, and the gray boxes indicate conditioned males. CI, courtship index; MI, memory index; N , sample size; U , Mann–Whitney U ; P , probability; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; NS, not significant. (D–F), hs-GAL4/UAS- ap RNAi flies were used. Ap, Apterous; LTM, long-term memory; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR; RNAi, RNA interference; WT, wild-type.