Competing risk events in antimalarial drug trials in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network individual participant data meta-analysis

BioMed Central ; BMC ; Uppsala universitet, Internationell barnhälsa och nutrition ; Uppsala universitet, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD) ; World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England ; Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Ctr Epidemiol & Biostatist, Melbourne, Vic, Australia ; Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania ; MRC Unit, Banjul, Gambia ; Univ Khartoum, Fac Med, Khartoum, Sudan ; Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA ; Mentor Initiat, Fajara, Gambia ; Natl Inst Malaria Res, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India ; Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England;Myanmar Oxford Clin Res Unit, Yangon, Myanmar ; Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand;Minist Publ Hlth, Islam Republ Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan ; Ctr Investigacao Saude Manhica CISM, Maputo, Mozambique;Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain;ICREA, Pg Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain ; Karolinska Inst, Depatment Microbiol Tumour & Cell Biol, Stockholm, Sweden ; Sanofi Access Med, Gentilly, France ; Kenya Med Res Inst Kilifi, Kilifi, Kenya;Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya;Heidelberg Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Heidelberg, Germany ; Radboud Inst Hlth Sci, Radboudumc Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands;Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Centrum Infectieziektebestrijding, Epidemioloog Epidemiol Surveillance RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands ; African Field Epidemiol Network, Kampala, Uganda ; Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot, Bangkok, Thailand;Mahidol Oxford Univ Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand ; Private Consultancy Drug Dev Trop Dis, Sigma Tau SpA Ind Farmaceutiche Riunite, Pomezia, Rome, Italy ; Univ Paris 05, Sorbonne Paris Cite, MERIT, IRD, F-75006 Paris, France ; MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England ; Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Crawley, WA, Australia ; Med Sans Frontieres Operat Ctr Amsterdam, Geneva, Switzerland ; Natl Malaria Control Program, Luanda, Angola ; Inst Pasteur, BP 923, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ ; Univ Sci Techn & Technol Bamako, Fac Pharm, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, Bamako, Mali ; Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA ; Univ Sci Techn & Technol Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, Fac Med & Odonto Stomatol, Bamako, Mali ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Immun, London, England ; Med Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland ; Australian Army Malaria Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia ; R&D Ctr, GSK Vaccines, Clin & Epidemiol Dept, Epicentre, Ave Fleming 20,1300 Wavre,8 Rue St Sabin, F-75011 Paris, France ; Malaria Res Grp, Chittagong, Bangladesh;Dev Care Fdn, Dhaka, Bangladesh ; Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Ibadan, Nigeria ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Oxford, England ; Besancon Univ Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Mother & Child Hlth Trop Res Unit, Inst Rech Dev IRD, Besancon, France ; Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Fac Med, Dept Med Parasitol, Dakar, Senegal ; Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Dept Med Parasitol, Fac Med, Dakar, Senegal ; Karolinska Inst, Div Pharmacogenet, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Drug Resistance Unit, Stockholm, Sweden;Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biodivers Funct & Integrat Gen, Fac Ciencias, Lisbon, Portugal ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England ; Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA ; Basilea Pharmaceut Int Ltd, Basel, Switzerland;Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ USA ; Novartis Int AG, Basel, Switzerland ; Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London, England;World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, London, England ; US Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, US Presidents Malaria Initiat Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA;Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA;Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ; Ctr Rech Med & Saniataire CERMES, Niamey, Niger ; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Phnom Penh, Belgium ; Univ Paris 05, Assistance Publique Hop Paris, Serv Pharmacol Clin, Paris, France;Grp Hosp Cochin Saint Vincent Paul, Inserm U663, WWARN, Paris, France ; Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya ; Weill Bugando Univ Coll Hlth Sci, Mwanza, Tanzania ; Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program TRAC Plus, Kigali, Rwanda ; Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic, Australia ; Drugs Neglected Dis initiat, Geneva, Switzerland ; Islam Univ Uganda, Habib Med Sch, Kampala, Uganda ; Bandim Hlth Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea Bissau;Lillebaelt Hosp, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Vejle, Denmark;IRS Univ Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark;Kolding Cty Hosp, Dept Paediat, Kolding, Denmark ; Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany;Ctr Recherches Medic Lambarene, Lambarene, Gabon ; Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand;Churchill Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England;Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya;Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kilifi, Kenya ; Mahosot Hosp, Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital, Wellcome Trust Res Unit, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos ; Univ Cocody, Dept Parasitol, Fac Pharm, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire;Univ Hlth Sci, Minist Hlth, Fac Postgraduate Studies, Viangchan, Laos ; Acad Med Ctr, Med Microbiol Parasitol, Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Hubert Kairuki Mem Univ, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London, England ; Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Fac Med, Parasitol & Mycol Lab, Dakar, Senegal ; Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna, Infect Dis Unit, Malaria Res, Stockholm, Sweden ; Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med Res Bldg, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Old Rd Campus, Oxford, England;Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand ; Inst Pasteur Cote Ivoire, Malariol Dept, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Immunol & Infect, London, England ; Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya;US Army Med Res Unit, Kisumu, Kenya ; UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO TDR, Geneva, Switzerland ; Inst Rech Sci Sante, Direct Regionale Ouest, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;Ctr Muraz Bobo Dioulasso, Non Transmissible Dis Dept, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ; Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia ; Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA ; US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA;Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA ; Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl Malaria Control Program, Monrovia, Liberia ; Muhimbili Univ Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania ; Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Med 1, Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany ; Div Expertise & Def Hlth strategy, Cent Directorate, French Mil Hlth Serv, Paris, France;IRBA, Bretigny Sur Orge, France;URMITE, UMR 6236, Marseille, France ; Human Hlth Div, Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Mbita, Kenya ; Epicentre, Paris, France ; WWARN, Oxford, England;Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ; Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, IRBA,MCT, Marseille, France ; GRAS, 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso ; Myanmar Oxford Clin Res Unit, Oxford, England ; Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England ; Univ Indonesia, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, 6 Salemba Raya, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia ; WHO, Reg Off Afr, Brazzaville, Rep Congo;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England ; WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, England;Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand ; Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand ; MENTOR Initiat, Crawley, England ; Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Global & Trop Hlth Div, Darwin, NT, Australia ; Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch & Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA ; Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol MTC C1, Solna, Sweden;Danderyd Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Danderyd, Sweden ; Operat Ctr Brussels, Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium;Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Trop Med & Travel Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Malaria Partnership, London, England ; Univ Cocody, Dept Parasitol, Fac Pharm, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire ; NovartisInternat AG, Basel, Switzerland ; Inst Rech Sci Sante, Direct Regionale lOuest, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ; World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England ; World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England;Menzies Sch Hlth Res Charles Darwin Univ, Darwin, NT, Australia;Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford, England ; HAL CCSD ; Oxford Univ Clin Res Unit OUCRU, Ctr Trop Med, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program MOP, Oxford, England ; Oxford Univ Clin Res Unit OUCRU, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program MOP, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England, 2019

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BACKGROUND: Therapeutic efficacy studies in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria are confounded by new infections, which constitute competing risk events since they can potentially preclude/pre-empt the detection of subsequent recrudescence of persistent, sub-microscopic primary infections. METHODS: Antimalarial studies typically report the risk of recrudescence derived using the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) method, which considers new infections acquired during the follow-up period as censored. Cumulative Incidence Function (CIF) provides an alternative approach for handling new infections, which accounts for them as a competing risk event. The complement of the estimate derived using the K–M method (1 minus K–M), and the CIF were used to derive the risk of recrudescence at the end of the follow-up period using data from studies collated in the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository. Absolute differences in the failure estimates derived using these two methods were quantified. In comparative studies, the equality of two K–M curves was assessed using the log-rank test, and the equality of CIFs using Gray’s k-sample test (both at 5% level of significance). Two different regression modelling strategies for recrudescence were considered: cause-specific Cox model and Fine and Gray’s sub-distributional hazard model. RESULTS: Data were available from 92 studies (233 treatment arms, 31,379 patients) conducted between 1996 and 2014. At the end of follow-up, the median absolute overestimation in the estimated risk of cumulative recrudescence by using 1 minus K–M approach was 0.04% (interquartile range (IQR): 0.00–0.27%, Range: 0.00–3.60%). The overestimation was correlated positively with the proportion of patients with recrudescence [Pearson’s correlation coefficient (ρ): 0.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.30–0.46] or new infection [ρ: 0.43; 95% CI 0.35–0.54]. In three study arms, the point estimates of failure were greater than 10% (the WHO threshold for withdrawing antimalarials) when the K–M method .

Titel:	Competing risk events in antimalarial drug trials in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network individual participant data meta-analysis
Link:	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6612160/
Veröffentlichung:	BioMed Central ; BMC ; Uppsala universitet, Internationell barnhälsa och nutrition ; Uppsala universitet, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD) ; World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England ; Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Ctr Epidemiol & Biostatist, Melbourne, Vic, Australia ; Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania ; MRC Unit, Banjul, Gambia ; Univ Khartoum, Fac Med, Khartoum, Sudan ; Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA ; Mentor Initiat, Fajara, Gambia ; Natl Inst Malaria Res, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India ; Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England;Myanmar Oxford Clin Res Unit, Yangon, Myanmar ; Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand;Minist Publ Hlth, Islam Republ Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan ; Ctr Investigacao Saude Manhica CISM, Maputo, Mozambique;Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain;ICREA, Pg Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain ; Karolinska Inst, Depatment Microbiol Tumour & Cell Biol, Stockholm, Sweden ; Sanofi Access Med, Gentilly, France ; Kenya Med Res Inst Kilifi, Kilifi, Kenya;Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya;Heidelberg Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Heidelberg, Germany ; Radboud Inst Hlth Sci, Radboudumc Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands;Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Centrum Infectieziektebestrijding, Epidemioloog Epidemiol Surveillance RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands ; African Field Epidemiol Network, Kampala, Uganda ; Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot, Bangkok, Thailand;Mahidol Oxford Univ Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand ; Private Consultancy Drug Dev Trop Dis, Sigma Tau SpA Ind Farmaceutiche Riunite, Pomezia, Rome, Italy ; Univ Paris 05, Sorbonne Paris Cite, MERIT, IRD, F-75006 Paris, France ; MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England ; Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Crawley, WA, Australia ; Med Sans Frontieres Operat Ctr Amsterdam, Geneva, Switzerland ; Natl Malaria Control Program, Luanda, Angola ; Inst Pasteur, BP 923, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ ; Univ Sci Techn & Technol Bamako, Fac Pharm, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, Bamako, Mali ; Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA ; Univ Sci Techn & Technol Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, Fac Med & Odonto Stomatol, Bamako, Mali ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Immun, London, England ; Med Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland ; Australian Army Malaria Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia ; R&D Ctr, GSK Vaccines, Clin & Epidemiol Dept, Epicentre, Ave Fleming 20,1300 Wavre,8 Rue St Sabin, F-75011 Paris, France ; Malaria Res Grp, Chittagong, Bangladesh;Dev Care Fdn, Dhaka, Bangladesh ; Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Ibadan, Nigeria ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Oxford, England ; Besancon Univ Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Mother & Child Hlth Trop Res Unit, Inst Rech Dev IRD, Besancon, France ; Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Fac Med, Dept Med Parasitol, Dakar, Senegal ; Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Dept Med Parasitol, Fac Med, Dakar, Senegal ; Karolinska Inst, Div Pharmacogenet, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Drug Resistance Unit, Stockholm, Sweden;Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biodivers Funct & Integrat Gen, Fac Ciencias, Lisbon, Portugal ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England ; Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA ; Basilea Pharmaceut Int Ltd, Basel, Switzerland;Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ USA ; Novartis Int AG, Basel, Switzerland ; Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London, England;World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, London, England ; US Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, US Presidents Malaria Initiat Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA;Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA;Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ; Ctr Rech Med & Saniataire CERMES, Niamey, Niger ; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Phnom Penh, Belgium ; Univ Paris 05, Assistance Publique Hop Paris, Serv Pharmacol Clin, Paris, France;Grp Hosp Cochin Saint Vincent Paul, Inserm U663, WWARN, Paris, France ; Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya ; Weill Bugando Univ Coll Hlth Sci, Mwanza, Tanzania ; Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program TRAC Plus, Kigali, Rwanda ; Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic, Australia ; Drugs Neglected Dis initiat, Geneva, Switzerland ; Islam Univ Uganda, Habib Med Sch, Kampala, Uganda ; Bandim Hlth Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea Bissau;Lillebaelt Hosp, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Vejle, Denmark;IRS Univ Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark;Kolding Cty Hosp, Dept Paediat, Kolding, Denmark ; Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany;Ctr Recherches Medic Lambarene, Lambarene, Gabon ; Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand;Churchill Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England;Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya;Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kilifi, Kenya ; Mahosot Hosp, Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital, Wellcome Trust Res Unit, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos ; Univ Cocody, Dept Parasitol, Fac Pharm, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire;Univ Hlth Sci, Minist Hlth, Fac Postgraduate Studies, Viangchan, Laos ; Acad Med Ctr, Med Microbiol Parasitol, Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Hubert Kairuki Mem Univ, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London, England ; Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Fac Med, Parasitol & Mycol Lab, Dakar, Senegal ; Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna, Infect Dis Unit, Malaria Res, Stockholm, Sweden ; Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med Res Bldg, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Old Rd Campus, Oxford, England;Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand ; Inst Pasteur Cote Ivoire, Malariol Dept, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Immunol & Infect, London, England ; Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya;US Army Med Res Unit, Kisumu, Kenya ; UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO TDR, Geneva, Switzerland ; Inst Rech Sci Sante, Direct Regionale Ouest, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;Ctr Muraz Bobo Dioulasso, Non Transmissible Dis Dept, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ; Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia ; Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA ; US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA;Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA ; Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl Malaria Control Program, Monrovia, Liberia ; Muhimbili Univ Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania ; Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Med 1, Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany ; Div Expertise & Def Hlth strategy, Cent Directorate, French Mil Hlth Serv, Paris, France;IRBA, Bretigny Sur Orge, France;URMITE, UMR 6236, Marseille, France ; Human Hlth Div, Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Mbita, Kenya ; Epicentre, Paris, France ; WWARN, Oxford, England;Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ; Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, IRBA,MCT, Marseille, France ; GRAS, 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso ; Myanmar Oxford Clin Res Unit, Oxford, England ; Infect Dis Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England ; Univ Indonesia, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, 6 Salemba Raya, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia ; WHO, Reg Off Afr, Brazzaville, Rep Congo;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England ; WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, England;Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand ; Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand ; MENTOR Initiat, Crawley, England ; Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Global & Trop Hlth Div, Darwin, NT, Australia ; Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch & Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA ; Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol MTC C1, Solna, Sweden;Danderyd Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Danderyd, Sweden ; Operat Ctr Brussels, Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium;Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Trop Med & Travel Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands ; London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Malaria Partnership, London, England ; Univ Cocody, Dept Parasitol, Fac Pharm, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire ; NovartisInternat AG, Basel, Switzerland ; Inst Rech Sci Sante, Direct Regionale lOuest, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ; World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England ; World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN, Oxford, England;Menzies Sch Hlth Res Charles Darwin Univ, Darwin, NT, Australia;Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford, England ; HAL CCSD ; Oxford Univ Clin Res Unit OUCRU, Ctr Trop Med, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program MOP, Oxford, England ; Oxford Univ Clin Res Unit OUCRU, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program MOP, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England, 2019
Medientyp:	academicJournal
Schlagwort:	Methodology manag envir
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: BASE Sprachen: English Document Type: article in journal/newspaper Language: English Rights: undefined

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