TCEP/Sb₂O₃防燃劑混合比對聚氨酯／聚乳酸可分解發泡材之防燃性、機械性及分解性影響之研究 ; Influence of TCEP/Sb₂O₃Mixing Ratio on Flameresistant and Mechanical Properties and Degradation of Polyurethane/Polylactic Acid Foam Materials

本研究以聚氨酯（PU）／聚乳酸（PLA）不同比例製成發泡材料，並探討不同比例防燃劑Tris（2-chloroethyl）phosphate（TCEP）/Sb2O3對發泡體材料之發泡密度、孔徑大小、硬度、衝擊強力、拉伸應變及彈性回復率等機械性能影響進行測試分析，且測試發泡材限氧指數（LOI）及垂直燃燒長度以探討其防燃性；另，研究中亦利用傅立葉紅外線儀分析添加防燃劑之發泡材的官能基，同時經由熱重損失儀與熱差分析儀分別研究發泡材添加不同比例防燃劑之熱裂解溫度（Td）及熔點（Tm）的變化。由實驗結果發現，發泡材密度隨著Sb_2O_3防燃劑混合比之增加，其發泡材密度呈下降趨勢，且造成衝擊強力、硬度、彈性回復率、壓縮強力、拉伸應變等性質降低；另，混合防燃劑可有效提升發泡材之LOI值、垂直燃燒性能及熱性質（Td、Tm）；當TCEP/Sb_2O_3比例為0.5/0.5時，其協合效果發揮到最佳，亦即防燃性可達到UL94-1985防燃標準。此發泡材經分解後會形成二氧化碳及水散發，故從傅立葉紅外線分析被分解之材料並無新官能基形成。 In this study, the flame resistant foam materials made from polyurethane (PU) / polylactic acid (PLA) composite with different ratio of Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) /Antimony trioxide (Sb_2O_3). The effect of TCEP/Sb_2O_3 ratio on density, porous size, hardness, impact strength, stress-strain and compressional resilience of PU/PLA composite foam were researched. The fire resistant was measured by Limiting Oxygen Index(LOI) and vertical flammability testing, the degradation and thermal properties of foam materials were investigated by hydrolysis analysis, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From results shown the density, hardness, impact strength and compressional resilience of PU/PLA foam decreased with the increase of Sb_2O_3 ratio. The LOI value, vertical combustion performance and thermal properties(Td, Tm) of foam materials were improved by adding complex flame retardant TCEP / Sb_2O_3. While TCEP / Sb2O3 ratio at 0.5 / 0.5, the synergistic effect can obtain the best performance for flameproof and thermal properties, the flame resistance measured up to UL94-1985 standard. In addition, the carbon dioxide and water were produced after PU/PLA degradation, so that had not new functional groups were shown by FTIR analysis for degraded PU/ PLA foam.