Vascular endothelial growth factor single‐nucleotide polymorphism in gall bladder cancer

Background and Aim Angiogenesis plays a key role in growth, progression, and metastasis of various cancers. Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) polymorphism has been associated with several cancers. Role of VEGF has not been reported in gallbladder cancer ( GBC ). Present study was designed to investigate the role of VEGF polymorphism in GBC and in other (benign) gallbladder diseases, that is chronic cholecystitis ( CC ) and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis ( XGC ). Methods Blood samples were collected from 195 GBC , 140 CC , and 47 XGC patients and 300 normal healthy controls. VEGF polymorphisms were investigated using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction for g.43737830 A > G and g.3437 A > C , polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism for c.*237 C > T , and g.43736418del T ins G amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Results At g.43737830 A > G , GA genotype showed susceptibility (odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.65 and OR = 1.68) and GG genotype showed protective association ( OR = 0.58 and OR = 0.50) with GBC and CC . Allele A of VEGF g.43737830 A > G was risk associated with GBC and CC ( OR = 1.48 and OR = 1.70), while G allele was risk protective for GBC and CC ( OR = 0.67 and OR = 0.58). At g.3437 A > C , genotype CA was risk protective for GBC ( OR = 0.61). TT genotype of c.*237 C > T was susceptible for GBC and CC ( OR = 2.59 and OR = 3.48), while CC genotype was risk protective for GBC and CC ( OR = 0.61 and OR = 0.34). T allele of c.*237 C > T polymorphism was risk associated with GBC and CC ( OR = 1.63 and OR = 2.90), while C allele was risk protective for GBC and CC ( OR = 0.38 and OR = 0.28). Haplotype I ‐ C ‐ A ‐ C was risk protective for GBC ( OR = 0.27). Conclusion The present study suggests that c.*237 C > T and g.43737830 A > G polymorphisms are useful markers of susceptibility to GBC .