Wang Deren nu xiao niang zao guan yin xiang bing fa hua jing ji

Rubbing of inscription from votive offering to build a votive image of Guanyin, and engraving of Fahuajing, the Lotus Sutra (Myôhô-renge-kyô, sometimes called Hokke-kyô; Saddharma-pundarika sutra), dedicated by Xiao niang, daughter of Wang Deren. ; Citation/references: Ryumon sekkutsu no kenkyu, 1941. p. 354 (inscription no. 930). ; General note: Script style: kai shu. ; Longmen Grottoes: Buddhist Cave Temples distributed on the cliffs along the banks of Yihe river, 13 kilometers south of Luoyang City, Henan Province. The carving work on the first cave at Longmen was already began when Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang in 495. Construction on caves had been carrying on for more than 500 years, during Western Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties. Thus formed a scale of more than 2,000 caves and niches, over 100,000 images on 1-kilometer cliffs from south to north on the two hills of Yique. ; Binyang Caves: This cave consists of three caves, namely middle, southern and northern Binyang caves. The construction of this cave spanned 24 years, 500-523.