Association of ultra-processed food consumption with incident depression and anxiety: a population-based cohort studyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. Table S1. UPF items in the UK Biobank; Table S2. Baseline characteristics by UPF consumption (servings); Table S3. Baseline characteristics by UPF consumption (energy ratio); Table S4. Baseline characteristics by UPF consumption (weight ratio); Table S5. Associations of UPF servings with depression and anxiety stratified by potential modifiers; Table S6. Associations of the UPF energy ratio with depression and anxiety stratified by potential modifiers; Table S7. Associations of the UPF weight ratio with depression and anxiety stratified by potential modifiers; Table S8. Associations between UPF consumption and transitions from the baseline to depression or anxiety, and then to death when using age as time-scale; Table S9. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when only including participants with at least two completed 24 h recall questionnaires; Table S10. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further excluding participants who developed depression or anxiety within the first 2 years of the follow-up; Table S11. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further excluding participants with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the baseline; Table S12. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further adjusted for BMI and multimorbidity; Table S13. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further adjusted for depression and anxiety symptoms at the baseline; Table S14. Associations between UPF consumption and transitions from the baseline to depression or anxiety, and then to cancer mortality; Table S15. Associations between UPF consumption and transitions from the baseline to depression or anxiety, and then to cardiovascular disease mortality; Table S16. The proportion of missing values; Fig. S1. Restricted cubic spline analyses for the association of UPF consumption with depression (a and b) and anxiety (c and d). Data are presented as the hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence interval (shaded areas). See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fo01120h

Association of ultra-processed food consumption with incident depression and anxiety: a population-based cohort studyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. Table S1. UPF items in the UK Biobank; Table S2. Baseline characteristics by UPF consumption (servings); Table S3. Baseline characteristics by UPF consumption (energy ratio); Table S4. Baseline characteristics by UPF consumption (weight ratio); Table S5. Associations of UPF servings with depression and anxiety stratified by potential modifiers; Table S6. Associations of the UPF energy ratio with depression and anxiety stratified by potential modifiers; Table S7. Associations of the UPF weight ratio with depression and anxiety stratified by potential modifiers; Table S8. Associations between UPF consumption and transitions from the baseline to depression or anxiety, and then to death when using age as time-scale; Table S9. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when only including participants with at least two completed 24 h recall questionnaires; Table S10. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further excluding participants who developed depression or anxiety within the first 2 years of the follow-up; Table S11. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further excluding participants with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the baseline; Table S12. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further adjusted for BMI and multimorbidity; Table S13. Sensitivity analyses for the association between UPF intake and risk of depression or anxiety when further adjusted for depression and anxiety symptoms at the baseline; Table S14. Associations between UPF consumption and transitions from the baseline to depression or anxiety, and then to cancer mortality; Table S15. Associations between UPF consumption and transitions from the baseline to depression or anxiety, and then to cardiovascular disease mortality; Table S16. The proportion of missing values; Fig. S1. Restricted cubic spline analyses for the association of UPF consumption with depression (a and b) and anxiety (c and d). Data are presented as the hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence interval (shaded areas). See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fo01120h