A low-voltage, versatile CMOS four-quadrant analogue multiplier

This paper describes a four-quadrant analogue multiplier circuit using a low-voltage power supply. It comprises two voltage/current adders and a basic multiplier. Its major advantages over other low-voltage multipliers are that it can operate on either a single power supply or two power supplies, and that its output can be the product of two signal currents, the product of two signal voltages, or the product of a signal current and a signal voltage. Second-order effects were analysed and the simulated results revealed that: (1) for a two-power supply voltage of 2V, the total harmonic distortion is about 1%, whereas the input voltage is 0.4 VP-P, the power dissipation is about 0.4 mW and the -3 dB bandwidth is more than 55 MHz; (2) for a single-power supply voltage of 2 V, the total harmonic distortion is about 1%, whereas the input voltage is 0.4 VP-P, the power dissipation is about 0.2mW and the -3 dB bandwidth is more than 55 MHz. Experimental results are provided to confirm the operation of the circuit.