A multivariate analysis of prognostic indicators in complete hydatidiform moles (CHM)

Objective: To analyse prognostic factors in complete hydatidiform moles using multiple logistic regression analysis. Methods: Evaluation of host and tumour related parameters including (a) gestational age, patient age, parity, molar phenotype, grade of proliferation of the tumour and cytological atypia, (b) expression of β-HCG, EGF, EGFR, TGF-α, TGF-β, IL1-α, IL1-β by immunohistochemistry, (c) serial monitoring of serum β-HCG levels by ELISA, and (d) lectin binding using jack fruit lectin histochemistry as indices for persisting trophoblastic disease (PTD). Results: Serum β-HCG levels at 4 weeks, cellular atypia, lectin binding, expression of TGF-α and IL1-β showed highly significant correlation with persistence of the tumour (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity at 4 weeks in combination with cytological atypia to identify spontaneously regressing lesions was 100% and those requiring chemotherapeutic intervention was 80%. Conclusion: The concentration of serum β-HCG 4 weeks post evacuation(<300 mIU/ml) combined with cytological abnormalities could identify nearly 100% of the spontaneously regressing lesions (low risk) and 80% of those needing chemotherapeutic intervention (high risk), thereby suggesting that patients who have a serum β-HCG at 4 weeks of evacuation <300 mIU/ml with no cytological atypia of the trophoblasts need only be followed up at long intervals, while those having a serum β-HCG at 4 weeks of evacuation >300 mIU/ml accompanied with cytological atypia of the trophoblasts should be closely followed up.