Mapping main and Epistatic QTL and Their Interaction with Environment for Biological yield in Recombinant Inbred lines of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

In order to mapping main and epistatic qtl and their interaction with environment for biological yield using a RILs population of wheat, comprising 148 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, ‘YecoraRojo’ and ‘No. 49’, was evaluated in two locations in Iran (Miandoab and Mahabad) during 2014-2016. A linkage map including 177 microsatellite and 51 retrotransposon markers was used in this study. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were determined using QTL Cartographer 2.5 and QTL Network 2.0 software based on the CIM and mixed-linear method. In the present study, the estimated heritability for biological yield in normal, water deficit and average of two conditions were 26.52, 26.91 and 16.09%. Also, the highest genetic gain for biological yield was observed in normal conditions. Results of QTL analysis showed. In normal condition, one QTL (R2A= 2.46), one QTL×E (R2AE= 5.46), 2 additive × additive epistatic effects (R2AA= 3.06) and 7 QTL × QTL×E interactions (R2AAE= 14.06) were significant. In water deficit condition, one QTL (R2A= 8), 3 additive × additive interactions (R2AA= 2.04) and 3 QTL × QTL × E interactions (R2AAE= 24.74) were identified. In average of two conditions, two QTL (R2A= 7), 3 QTL×E (R2AE= 4.66), 5 additive × additive epistatic effects (R2AA= 4.67) and 8 QTL × QTL × E interactions (R2AAE= 24.20), were significant. However, a little QTL was observed for biological yield, but in all three conditions, the role of the 7B chromosome in control of biological was significant and a stable QTL was located adjacent to the 'Cfa2174.1-' Wms573 markers, which can be used in marker assisted selection for biologically selective