Innovation ecosystems in health: countries and theoretical models used [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

This article sought to analyze the innovation ecosystems in health, countries that develop them and the theoretical models they resort to. To this end, three databases carried out a systematic review through a bibliographic search in English, Spanish and Portuguese. 40% of health innovation ecosystems are in the USA, 13% in South Africa, 10% in the UK, 6.67% in Namibia, and 30% in various countries. Of the theoretical models used, 13% resort to the quadruple helix, open innovation 13%, the triple helix 10%, and ehealth 7%. The USA concentrated the development of innovation ecosystems. Quadruple helix and open innovation, were the theorical models frequently used, both includes society as part of its implementation.