銀行之經營績效分析與財務指標之關聯性研究

本研究主要目的在於評估銀行之經營效率並探討其效率與重要財務指標之關聯性。我們同時採財務比率分析以及兩階段DEA估計方法（two-stage estimation methods）進行實證，以比較分析樣本銀行之經營效率。本研究樣本期間為2005年至2012年，共計8年，選取之樣本銀行為17家總資產額大於5千億元台幣之大型銀行。 本文實證結果有以下幾點發現，首先，公營銀行平均總技術效率高於民營銀行，而其中公營銀行的無效率來源主要來自於純技術無效率，民營銀行之無效率主要是因為未能在最適規模下經營，亦即規模無效率。而雖然整個樣本期間平均來說，公營銀行具有較高的總技術效率，但公營與民營兩者的效率差距有縮小趨勢。其次，銀行金融自動化的程度越高，越能夠有效擴展銀行規模，而市佔率越高的銀行，越能夠發揮規模綜效，提升銀行效率。另一方面，獲利能力越好的銀行，經理人管理及運用資源的效率也越卓越，使得經營更有效率。實證結果也發現，重要財務比率的水準對銀行經營效率有顯著影響力，資本適足率對於銀行經營效率之影響為顯著負相關，也就是資本適足率的提高，銀行之總技術效率值會隨之下降，推測可能是因為過高的資本適足率，會降低銀行資金使用效率而致。另外，流動性準備的計提，能夠健全銀行結構，使得銀行承受短期流動性風險及應變的能力提高，提升銀行經營效率。

The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate productive efficiencies of banks in Taiwan and to investigate the relationship betweem efficiency and important financial indicators. In the empirical analysis, we adopt both financial ratio analysis (FRA) and two-stage DEA method to compare the performance of each bank. Our sample banks include 17 large commercial banks that have total assets in excess of TWD$ 500 billion and the sample period is from 2005 to 2012. Our empirical result shows that poblic-owned banks have higher average technical efficiency than private banks. While the inefficiency of public-owned banks mianly comes from pure technical inefficiency, the inefficiency of private banks is because of scale inefficiency. Though during the whole smaple period, public-owned banks have higher avergae technical efficiency than private ones, the difference tends to shrink. This paper also suggests that higher level of financial automation, larger and more profitable banks have higher technical efficiency. In the other hand, the levels of important financial ratios have significant influences on bank’s technical efficiency. While capital adequacy ratio is negatively related to the efficiency of bank, higher liquidity reserve ratio can improve bank’s technical efficiency.