Evidencia????o de provis??o para o abandono de ativo adotada pelas empresas petrol??feras

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The present paper studied the level of disclosure of the asset abandonment provision by analyzing the financial report of three companies in the oil and gas industry Petrobr??s, Chevron and British Petroleum. The financial reports have been prepared according to three different accounting standards: Brazilian (CPC), the international (IFRS) and North American (USGAAP). The aim of this study was to suggest a framework to increase the quality of disclosure of the items that comprise the measurement of asset retirement obligation provision to provide a decrease in information asymmetry related to the provision of abandonment of assets. The research methodology was qualitative approach with the application of descriptive research method in the form of case study. This research examined the financial statements of the years 2006-2011 of Petrobr??s, filed at the Comiss??o de Valores Imobili??rios and at the Securities and Exchange Commission Securities, of Chevron and British Petroleum, both also filed at the Securities Exchange Commission, in order to verify compliance the level of disclosure that the accounting standards IFRS, USGAAP and CPC recommend. This study verified those companies have reached the minimum level of disclosure required, but Petrobr??s (CVM) that demonstrated the reconciliation of the allowance for asset retirement only for 2010 fiscal year. On the other hand British Petroleum was the only one to provide details such as discount rate, expected cash outflow for the abandonment of the asset and the period of the economic cycle of the assets. This study also concluded there are significant discrepancies in the way information regard asset retirement obligation is disclosed among those financial reports. Thus, the structure of disclosure suggested in this work can be useful to standardize the disclosure of the information regard asset retirement obligation with the possibility of improving the quality of the accounting information and by reducing information asymmetry

O presente trabalho estudou o n??vel de evidencia????o da provis??o de abandono de ativo de tr??s empresas do setor de petr??leo e g??s, Petrobr??s, Chevron e British Petroleum, elaboradas com base em tr??s padr??es cont??beis diferentes, o brasileiro (CPC), o internacional (IFRS) e o norte americano (USGAAP). O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o de sugerir uma estrutura de evidencia????o com o intuito de incrementar a qualidade da divulga????o dos itens que comp??em a mensura????o dessa provis??o para proporcionar uma redu????o na assimetria da informa????o referente ?? provis??o de abandono de ativo. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a abordagem qualitativa com a aplica????o de m??todo de pesquisa descritiva na forma de estudo de caso. Essa pesquisa analisou as demonstra????es financeiras entre os anos de 2006 a 2011 da Petrobr??s, apresentadas na Comiss??o de Valores Mobili??rios e na Securities Exchange Commission, da Chevron e da British Petroleum, ambas tamb??m apresentadas na Securities Exchange Commission, com o intuito de verificar a ader??ncia do n??vel de evidencia????o perante os padr??es cont??beis IFRS, USGAAP e CPC. O estudo verificou que as empresas atingiram o n??vel m??nimo da evidencia????o exigido, exceto a Petrobr??s (CVM), que demonstrou a concilia????o da conta de provis??o para abandono de ativos somente a partir de 2010. J?? a British Petroleum foi a ??nica a apresentar detalhes como taxa de desconto utilizada, e sa??da de caixa esperada para o abandono dos ativos e o prazo do ciclo econ??mico dos ativos. Esse estudo concluiu tamb??m que h?? importantes discrep??ncias na forma de apresenta????o. Logo, a estrutura de evidencia????o sugerida nesse trabalho pode ser ??til para padronizar a forma de apresenta????o dessas informa????es com a possibilidade de melhoria na qualidade da informa????o cont??bil e da redu????o da assimetria da informa????o