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Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Titel:	THERMIONIC WAVE GENERATOR (TWG)
Link:	View record in USPTO Patent Applications (Volltext)
Veröffentlichung:	2019
Medientyp:	Patent
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: USPTO Patent Applications Sprachen: English Document Number: 20190189410 Publication Date: June 20, 2019 Appl. No: 16/219515 Application Filed: December 13, 2018 Assignees: Space Charge, LLC (Aspen, CO, US) Claim: 1. An energy converter comprising: a first electrode for emitting electrons, wherein the first electrode includes a plurality of microtips extending from a base surface of the first electrode, and wherein the first electrode includes an emissive carbon coating over at least a portion of the microtips; a second electrode adjacent to the first electrode; a third electrode adjacent to the second electrode, wherein the second electrode is positioned between the third electrode and the first electrode; an inductive element adjacent to the third electrode, wherein the third electrode is positioned between the second electrode and the inductive element; a fourth electrode for collected electrons emitted from the first electrode, wherein the fourth electrode is adjacent to the inductive element, and wherein the inductive element is positioned between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; and a housing defining an enclosed evacuated volume, wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the inductive element, and the fourth electrode are positioned within the enclosed evacuated volume. Claim: 2. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a cathode, wherein the second electrode comprises a control grid electrode, and wherein the third electrode comprises an acceleration grid electrode. Claim: 3. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a material having a work function of from about 0.25 eV to about 3 eV. Claim: 4. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a crystalline ceramic electride coating. Claim: 5. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the emissive carbon coating comprises a doped or undoped amorphous carbon coating, and/or wherein the emissive carbon coating is doped with one or more of hydrogen, nitrogen, or boron. Claim: 6. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the second electrode has a potential that varies as a function of time, wherein a potential applied to the second electrode modulates a current of electrons between the first electrode and the fourth electrode, and/or wherein a potential applied to the second electrode focuses electrons between the first electrode and the fourth electrode. Claim: 7. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the third electrode has a potential that varies as a function of time and modulates a velocity of electrons passing through apertures of the third electrode. Claim: 8. The energy converter of claim 7, wherein the potential has a square wave modulation with a frequency of from 1 kHz to 1 MHz and/or a sinusoidal modulation with a frequency of from about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz. Claim: 9. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the inductive element comprises an air core inductor or a solid core inductor. Claim: 10. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein electrons passing through an opening of the inductive element induce a current in the inductive element, induce a voltage across the inductive element, and are decelerated by interactions with the inductive element. Claim: 11. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the fourth electrode has a non-planar geometry and/or wherein the fourth electrode comprises a plurality of stages. Claim: 12. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the fourth electrode comprises a material having a work function between about 0.25 eV and about 2.5 eV. Claim: 13. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein the fourth electrode comprises a second emissive carbon coating. Claim: 14. The energy converter of claim 1, further comprising a magnetic field source positioned to direct a magnetic field between the first electrode and the fourth electrode. Claim: 15. The energy converter of claim 14, further comprising a magnetic core positioned for concentrating and guiding the magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode. Claim: 16. The energy converter of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit in electrical communication with one or more electrodes for modulating potentials applied to one or more electrodes. Claim: 17. The energy converter of claim 1, further comprising a dynode positioned adjacent to the third electrode, wherein the dynode is positioned between the third electrode and the inductive element. Claim: 18. The energy converter of claim 1, wherein any or all components are fabricated using one or more microfabrication techniques. Claim: 19. A system comprising: a heat source; and a plurality of energy converters arranged in a spaced configuration about the heat source, wherein one or more of the plurality of energy converters independently comprise the energy converter of claim 1. Claim: 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the heat source comprises a combustor. Claim: 21. The system of claim 20, wherein at least a portion of one or more walls of the combustor include 3-dimensional surface features that reflect electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of from 0.8 μm to 1.5 μm, wherein at least a portion of one or more walls of the combustor are coated with or comprise aluminum zinc-doped oxide to suppress emission of black body radiation at wavelengths greater than 1.5 μm or from 1.5 μm to 5 μm, and/or wherein the combustor has a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 1100° C. and generates black body electromagnetic radiation, and wherein at least a portion of the black body electromagnetic radiation is transmitted and absorbed by the plurality of energy converters to heat portions of the plurality of energy converters. Current International Class: 01; 03; 03

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THERMIONIC WAVE GENERATOR (TWG)