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Flame ionization detector in which the burner consists of electrically conductive material, preferably a noble metal, and is one of the electrodes in the apparatus. The mixture of fuel gas and sample is ignited by passing a current through the burner to incandesce the same. The burner is preferably a hairpin-shaped capillary tube with an aperture in the hairpin bend, disposed in the upper part of the detector with the aperture facing the bottom part of the detector. There is also described a flame trap for preventing propagation of flame into discharge line and facilities connected to it. The detector is designed to meet extreme requirements for dependability and reliability, such as when used in apparatus for monitoring anesthesia in patients.

Titel:	Flame ionization detector
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Mees, Rudolf A.
Link:	View record in USPTO Patent Grants (Volltext)
Veröffentlichung:	1980
Medientyp:	Patent
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: USPTO Patent Grants Sprachen: English Patent Number: 4,211,746 Publication Date: July 08, 1980 Appl. No: 05/890,929 Application Filed: March 28, 1978 Assignees: WTI Wetenschappelijk Technische Instrumentatie B.V. ('s-Gravenzande, NLX) Claim: I claim Claim: 1. A flame ionization detector comprising Claim: a housing having an upper portion and a lower portion; Claim: an electrically-conductive burner disposed within the housing and having a hairpin-shaped bend formed therein; Claim: a first electrode, the first electrode comprising the electrically-conductive burner; Claim: an aperture disposed in the hairpin-shaped bend of the burner; Claim: means for supplying fuel gas and for feeding materials to be investigated to the burner and for causing the fuel gas and the materials to issue from the aperture; Claim: a second electrode adjacent the aperture; Claim: a lead electrically connected to the second electrode and passing in an electrically-insulated manner through a wall of the housing to provide access external to the housing of a signal collected at the second electrode; Claim: an air supply conduit to supply air to the burner; Claim: a discharge conduit coupled to the housing for discharging air and waste products therefrom; Claim: means adapted for providing a flow of current through the burner to cause the burner to incandesce and to ignite the fuel gas to provide a flame on the burner; and Claim: means adapted for applying a voltage differential between the first electrode and the second electrode. Claim: 2. A flame ionization detector according to claim 1, wherein the burner is disposed in the upper portion of the housing, wherein hairpin-shaped bend is formed in a section of the burner extending downwardly away from the upper portion and toward the lower portion of the housing, and wherein the aperture faces the lower portion of the housing. Claim: 3. A flame ionization detector according to claim 1, wherein the burner is composed of a noble metal. Claim: 4. A flame ionization detector according to any one of claims 1, 3, or 2, further comprising a flame trap disposed adjacent to a mouth of the discharge conduit for the discharge of air and waste products. Claim: 5. A flame ionization detector comprising Claim: a housing; Claim: a burner disposed within the housing; Claim: an aperture disposed in the burner; Claim: means for igniting a flame at the aperture; Claim: a pair of spaced electrodes disposed adjacent the aperture and having a voltage differential therebetween; Claim: means for making electrical connection to each of the pair of electrodes; Claim: a discharge conduit coupled to the housing for discharging air and waste products therefrom; and Claim: a flame trap disposed between the burner and the discharge conduit and adapted to prevent the ignition of combustible gases in the discharge conduit and to prevent propagation of flames into the discharge conduit, the flame trap comprising Claim: a first substantially cylindrical bushing having a closed upper end facing the burner and a lateral outer wall; and Claim: a second bushing disposed substantially concentrically with respect to the first bushing and having a lateral inner wall spaced from and confronting the outer wall of the first bushing, the first bushing outer wall and the second bushing inner wall defining an annular gap therebetween, the gap being adapted to receive the combustible gases prior to their entry into the discharge conduit, and to cool the combustible gases sufficiently to prevent combustion thereof. Claim: 6. A flame ionization detector according to claim 5, wherein the flame trap further comprises Claim: a bore passing through the inner wall of the second bushing and communicating with the discharge conduit and with the gap; Claim: a peripheral groove formed in the outer wall of the first bushing and extending around a circumference thereof, the groove being disposed directly opposite the bore and being in communication with the bore and with the gap; and Claim: means sealingly engaging the inner wall of the second bushing to the outer wall of the first bushing between the groove and an end of the first bushing disposed opposite the upper end, whereby the combustible gases entering the gap are prevented from passing beyond the groove but are permitted to pass through the bore and into the discharge conduit. Claim: 7. A flame ionization detector according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the gap has a width of the order of 0.1 mm. Claim: 8. A flame ionization detector according to claim 7, wherein the first and second bushings are composed of materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, glass, ceramic material and polytetrafluoroethylene. Claim: 9. A flame ionization detector according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first and second bushings are composed of materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, glass, ceramic material and polytetrafluoroethylene. Claim: 10. A flame ionization detector comprising Claim: means adapted for providing a flow of current through the burner to cause the burner to incandesce and to ignite the fuel gas to provide a flame on the burner; Claim: means adapted for applying a voltage differential between the first electrode and the second electrode; and Claim: a flame trap disposed between the burner and the discharge conduit and adapted to prevent the ignition of combustible gases in the discharge conduit and to prevent propagation of flames into the discharge conduit, the flame trap comprisinfg Claim: a first substantially cylindrical bushing having a closed upper end facing the upper portion of the housing and a lateral outer wall; Claim: a second bushing disposed substantially concentrically with respect to the first bushing and having a lateral inner wall spaced from and confronting the outer wall of the first bushing, the inner wall of the second bushing and the outer wall of the first bushing defining an annular gap therebetween, the gap being adapted to receive the combustible gases before entry thereof into the discharge conduit, and to cool the combustible gases sufficiently to prevent combustion thereof; Claim: means sealingly engaging the inner wall of the second bushing to the outer wall of the first bushing adjacent an edge of the groove facing the lower portion of the housing, the engaging means preventing combustible gases entering the gap from passing beyond the groove while permitting the combustible gases to pass through the bore into the discharge conduit. Current U.S. Class: 422/54 Current International Class: G01N 2762; G01N 3112 Patent References Cited: 2821991 February 1958 Marx ; 3455657 July 1969 Jentzsch et al. ; 3542516 November 1970 Clardy ; 3607084 December 1971 Mackey et al. ; 3711259 January 1973 Gurney ; 3738810 June 1973 Clinton et al. ; 3840343 October 1974 Riedmann et al. ; 4019863 April 1977 Jenkins et al. Primary Examiner: Turk, Arnold Attorney, Agent or Firm: Weingarten, Maxham & Schurgin

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