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A string set of series-connected incandescent bulbs in which substantially all of the bulb filaments in the set are individually provided with a shunt circuit which includes a voltage responsive switch which is inoperative during normal operation of the string set when connected to a source of operating potential and which becomes operative only in response to an increase in the voltage thereacross which exceeds its rating, and in which the remaining bulbs of the circuit continue to receive substantially rated current therethrough and substantially rated voltage thereacross and further continue to be illuminated at substantially constant illumination even though other or substantially all of the other bulbs in the string are either inoperative or are missing from their respective sockets. The voltage responsive switches may be in series with a resistor.

Titel:	Series wired light string with unidirectional resistive shunts
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Janning, John L.
Link:	View record in USPTO Patent Grants (Volltext)
Veröffentlichung:	2008
Medientyp:	Patent
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: USPTO Patent Grants Sprachen: English Patent Number: 7,339,325 Publication Date: March 04, 2008 Appl. No: 11/902749 Application Filed: September 25, 2007 Assignees: JLJ, Inc. (Bellbrook, OH, US) Claim: 1. A filament shunted light string comprising the combination of: a plurality of electrical bulb supporting sockets connected in an electrical series circuit arrangement with each other and adapted to be energized by a power source of 120 volt A.C. electrical potential connectable to input terminals thereof, and with each of said sockets being adapted to have an electrically operable miniature incandescent lamp for Christmas tree lighting and decoration inserted therein and are illuminated whenever said A.C. electrical potential is applied to said input terminals, wherein said miniature incandescent bulbs draw a current up to approximately 200 milliamperes each, resulting in a power dissipation per bulb equal to or less than approximately one-half watt; voltage responsive switching means formed of a resistor in series with each single Zener diode connected in parallel across each of the sockets, said Zener diode having a Zener breakdown voltage approximately equal to or greater than the rated peak voltage of said bulbs, wherein half of said Zener diodes in said light string conduct in one direction during a first half of the A.C. cycle, and half of said Zener diodes in said light string conduct in a direction opposite to said first direction during a second half of the A.C. cycle; and means connecting said input terminals to a source of A.C. voltage whereby all illuminated bulbs in said string continue to receive substantially rated current therethrough and continue to be illuminated and the voltage drop across each bulb and the brightness of each bulb remains substantially unchanged even though multiple bulbs in the string are not illuminated for whatever reason, or are actually missing from their respective sockets. Claim: 2. The filament shunted light string of claim 1 , comprising 50 electrical bulb supporting sockets for receiving 50 bulbs. Claim: 3. The light string in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said voltage responsive switching means comprises a single Zener diode connected in parallel across each of said sockets, and substantially one-half of the voltage responsive switching means are electrically connected across each light socket in one conductive direction, and the remainder of the voltage responsive switching means are electrically connected across each light socket in the opposite conductive direction. Claim: 4. The light string in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said voltage responsive switching means comprises a pair of back-to-back Zener diodes connected in parallel across each of said sockets. Claim: 5. The light string in accordance with claim 3 , wherein said voltage responsive switching means further comprises a resistance. Claim: 6. A filament shunted light string comprising the combination of: a plurality of electrical bulb supporting sockets connected in an electrical series circuit arrangement with each other and adapted to be energized by a power source of 120 volt A.C. electrical potential connectable to input terminals thereof, and with each of said sockets being adapted to have an electrically operable miniature incandescent lamp for Christmas tree lighting and decoration inserted therein and are illuminated whenever said A.C. electrical potential is applied to said input terminals, wherein said miniature incandescent bulbs draw a current up to approximately 200 milliamperes each, resulting in a power dissipation per bulb equal to or less than approximately one-half watt; voltage responsive switching means formed of at least one Zener diode with additional resistance connected in parallel across each of said sockets, said Zener diode with additional resistance having a Zener breakdown voltage approximately equal to or greater than the rated peak voltage of said bulbs, wherein half of said Zener diodes with additional resistance in said light string conduct in one direction during a first half of the A.C. cycle, and half of said Zener diodes in said light string conduct in a direction opposite to said first direction during a second half of the A.C. cycle; and means connecting said input terminals to a source of A.C. voltage whereby all illuminated bulbs in said string continue to receive substantially rated current therethrough and continue to be illuminated and the voltage drop across each bulb and the brightness of each bulb remains substantially unchanged even though multiple bulbs in the string are not illuminated for whatever reason, or are actually missing from their respective sockets. Claim: 7. The light string in accordance with claim 6 , wherein said voltage responsive switching means comprises a single Zener diode with additional resistance connected in parallel across each of said sockets, and substantially one-half of the voltage responsive switching means are electrically connected across each light socket in one conductive direction, and the remainder of the voltage responsive switching means are electrically connected across each light socket in the opposite conductive direction. Claim: 8. The light string in accordance with claim 7 , further comprising a resistor in series with the single Zener diode. Claim: 9. The light string in accordance with claim 8 , wherein said resistors is rated from 1 to 25 ohms. Claim: 10. The light string in accordance with claim 8 , wherein said resistors is rated at about 10 ohms. Current U.S. Class: 315/185R Patent References Cited: 1024495 April 1912 Booth ; 2072337 March 1937 Kamm ; 2760120 August 1956 Fisherman ; 3639805 February 1972 Muench et al. ; 3912966 October 1975 Hamden, Jr. ; 4450382 May 1984 Sawka et al. ; 4682079 July 1987 Sanders et al. ; 4727449 February 1988 Fleck ; 5006724 April 1991 Liu ; RE34717 September 1994 Sanders et al. ; 5379214 January 1995 Arbuckle et al. ; 5539317 July 1996 Janning ; 6580182 June 2003 Janning ; 7086758 August 2006 Janning ; 2002/0043943 April 2002 Menzer et al. ; 427021 June 1965 ; 884370 November 1943 Assistant Examiner: Tran, Chuc Primary Examiner: Owens, Douglas W. Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dickstein Shapiro LLP

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Series wired light string with unidirectional resistive shunts