Autocriticismo, Estima Corporal e Sintomas de Perturba??o do Comportamento Alimentar em Adolescentes do Sexo Feminino, Praticantes de Ballet e Andebol
ISMT, 2013
Online
unknown
Zugriff:
Introdu??o: As Perturba??es do Comportamento Alimentar (PCA) constituem um grave problema de sa?de p?blica. Poucos estudos em Portugal ligam esta tem?tica a ?reas como o autocriticismo e a estima corporal. Assim, s?o nossos objetivos principais: explorar, numa amostra de adolescentes do sexo feminino, as diferen?as entre praticantes de ballet e praticantes de andebol, nos sintomas de PCA, ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), dimens?es avaliativas da apar?ncia e n?veis de autocriticismo; analisar se n?veis maiores de autocriticismo e uma vis?o mais depreciativa em termos de apar?ncia se associam a n?veis mais elevados de sintomas de PCA (nas duas modalidades desportivas). Em virtude das associa??es encontradas, pretendemos realizar an?lises preditivas, controlando a influ?ncia de sintomas de depress?o, ansiedade e stress. Metodologia: A amostra ? constitu?da por 105 adolescentes do sexo feminino (n = 52; 49,5% do ballet e n = 53; 50,5% do andebol) com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e 18 anos (M = 14,5; DP = 1,80). As participantes preencheram um protocolo composto por um question?rio sociodemogr?fico, pela Escala de Autocriticismo e Autotranquiliza??o (FSCRS), pelo Teste de Atitudes Alimentares-25 (TAA-25/EAT-25), pela Escala Estima Corporal (BES) e pela Escala Depress?o Ansiedade e Stress (DASS-21). Resultados: Verificaram-se percentagens preocupantes de eventual PCA (ponto de corte de 19) nas praticantes de Ballet (7,7%) e de Andebol (9,4%). Quanto ao IMC, na amostra de praticantes de ballet, encontrou-se uma percentagem relevante de jovens com magreza (34,6%). As praticantes de Ballet e de Andebol apenas se diferenciaram no IMC e na dimens?o FSCRS_eu inadequado (valores superiores nas praticantes de Andebol). Verificaram-se, na subamostra Ballet, associa??es significativas entre a Motiva??o para a Magreza e as formas de autocriticismo FSCRS_eu inadequado, FSCRS_eu detestado, FSCRS_eu tranquilizador e FSCRS_total e entre os Comportamentos Bul?micos e as formas de autocriticismo FSCRS_eu detestado e FSCRS_total. Na subamostra Andebol constataram-se associa??es significativas entre a Motiva??o para a Magreza e a forma de autocriticismo FSCRS_eu inadequado e FSCRS_total. A dimens?o FSCRS_eu detestado mostrou predizer, na subamostra Ballet, a Motiva??o para a Magreza e os Comportamentos Bul?micos. Na subamostra Andebol o BES_Peso foi o preditor significativo da Motiva??o para a Magreza. Discuss?o: ? preocupante a percentagem de eventual PCA (em ambas em subamostras) bem como a percentagem de jovens que praticam Ballet com um IMC indicador de magreza, principalmente por serem jovens atletas e estarem mais focadas no seu corpo e forma f?sica, estando mais vulner?veis ao desenvolvimento da patologia. ? um contributo fundamental deste trabalho verificar associa??es (bem como o papel preditivo) nestas duas modalidades desportivas, separadamente, entre as formas de autocriticismo e as dimens?es do TAA-25 Motiva??o para a Magreza e Comportamentos Bul?micos. Parece essencial o desenvolvimento de a??es de sensibiliza??o junto dos professores/treinadores, com o intuito de despertar uma maior aten??o para a vis?o cr?tica das suas bailarinas/atletas em rela??o ao seu corpo, que parece influenciar as suas atitudes alimentares. Ser? importante iniciar estas a??es/interven??es precocemente (antes mesmo da adolesc?ncia) n?o esquecendo a inclus?o das figuras paternas, com vista a melhorar o seu sucesso, tendo consci?ncia que particularmente no ?nicho? desportivo do ballet a imagem/apar?ncia e o peso continuam e continuar?o, muito provavelmente, a ser valorizados e refor?ados. / Introduction: Eating Disorders are a major public health problem. Few studies in Portugal associate this theme with areas such as self-criticism and body esteem. Thus, our main objectives are: to explore, in a sample of female adolescents, the differences between ballet and handball practitioners as to symptoms of eating disorders, body mass index (BMI) and evaluative dimensions of appearance and self-criticism levels; to analyze whether higher levels of self-criticism and a more derogatory vision in terms of appearance are associated with higher levels of PCA symptoms (in both sports). Having these associations into account, we intend to perform predictive analysis, controlling the influence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Methodology: Our sample is composed by 105 female adolescents (n = 52; 49.5% from ballet and n = 53; 50.5% from handball) with ages between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.5; DP = 1.80). The participants filled in a protocol composed by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Forms of Self-Criticizing and Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), the Eating Attitudes Test-25 (TAA-25/EAT-25), the Body Esteem Scale (BES) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: There were worrying percentages of eventual PCA (cutoff of 19) in Ballet practitioners (7.7%) and Handball (9.4%). As to the BMI, in the sample of practitioners of ballet we found a significant percentage of young people with malnutrition (34.6%). Ballet and Handball practitioners only differed in BMI and in the inadequate self form (higher values in Handball practitioners). In the Ballet subsample there were significant associations between Motivation for thinness and forms of self-criticism, inadequate self form, hated self form, reassure self form and total self criticism and between Bulimic behaviors and inadequate self form and total self criticism. In the Handball subsample, significant associations were found between Motivation for thinness, the inadequate self form and total self criticism. The hated self form predicted, in the Ballet subsample, Motivation for thinness and Bulimic behaviors. In the subsample Handball BES_Weight was the significant predictor of Motivation for thinness. Discussion: The percentage of any Eating Disorders (in both subsamples) and the percentage of young people who practice ballet with a IMC indicating thinness is worrying, especially in young athletes who are more focused on their body and physical form, being more vulnerable to develop these disorders/symptoms. A major contribution of this work is to have shown the associations (as well as the predictive role), in these two sports, separately, between self-criticism forms and the TAA-25 dimensions Motivation for thinness and Bulimic behaviors. It seems essential to develop awareness-raising among teachers/trainers, in order to raise greater attention to the critical view of their dancers / athletes in relation to their body, which seems to influence their eating attitudes. It will be important to start these actions/interventions earlier (even before adolescence) not forgetting the inclusion of parents in order to improve their success, particularly in the ballet ?niche?, where image/appearance and weight will most likely continue to be valued and reinforced.
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Autocriticismo, Estima Corporal e Sintomas de Perturba??o do Comportamento Alimentar em Adolescentes do Sexo Feminino, Praticantes de Ballet e Andebol
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Pil?, Denise Alves ; Marques, Mariana (Orientadora) ; Castilho, Paula (Coorientadora) |
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Veröffentlichung: | ISMT, 2013 |
Medientyp: | unknown |
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