Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk Factors for Predicting CVD/CHD Mortality The CAC Consortium
In: JACC Cardiovascular Imaging, Jg. 13 (2020-05-01), Heft 5
Online
academicJournal
- 1175 - 1186
ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the association and burden of coronary artery calcium (CAC) with long-term, cause-specific mortality across the spectrum of baseline risk.BackgroundAlthough CAC is a known predictor of short-term, all-cause mortality, data on long-term and cause-specific mortality are inadequate.MethodsThe CAC Consortium cohort is a multicenter cohort of 66,636 participants without coronary heart disease (CHD) who underwent CAC testing. The following risk factors (RFs) were considered: 1) current cigarette smoking; 2) dyslipidemia; 3) diabetes mellitus; 4) hypertension; and 5) family history of CHD.ResultsDuring the 12.5-years median follow-up, 3,158 (4.7%) deaths occurred; 32% were cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Participants with CAC scores ≥400 had a significantly increased risk for CHD and CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.88 to 7.62; and HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 3.29 to 5.22, respectively) compared with CAC of 0. Participants with ≥3 RFs had a smaller increased risk for CHD and CVD mortality (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.85; and HR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.31, respectively) compared with those without RFs. Across RF strata, CAC added prognostic information. For example, participants without RFs but with CAC ≥400 had significantly higher all-cause, non-CVD, CVD, and CHD mortality rates compared with participants with ≥3 RFs and CAC of 0.ConclusionsAcross the spectrum of RF burden, a higher CAC score was strongly associated with long-term, all-cause mortality and a greater proportion of deaths due to CVD and CHD. Absence of CAC identified people with a low risk over 12 years of follow-up, with most deaths being non-CVD in nature, regardless of RF burden.
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Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk Factors for Predicting CVD/CHD Mortality The CAC Consortium
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Grandhi, Gowtham R ; Mirbolouk, Mohammadhassan ; Dardari, Zeina A ; Al-Mallah, Mouaz H ; Rumberger, John A ; Shaw, Leslee J ; Blankstein, Ron ; Miedema, Michael D ; Berman, Daniel S ; Budoff, Matthew J ; Krumholz, Harlan M ; Blaha, Michael J ; Nasir, Khurram |
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Zeitschrift: | JACC Cardiovascular Imaging, Jg. 13 (2020-05-01), Heft 5 |
Veröffentlichung: | eScholarship, University of California, 2020 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
Umfang: | 1175 - 1186 |
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