使用化学杂交剂SX-1采用多母一父方式配制油菜 杂交种的高效育种方法.

For high effeciency rapessed breeding, multiple rapeseed hybrids were selected by using chemical hybridizing agent SX-1 and polygamy (multiple-female-and-one-male). In our strategy, high-generation homozygous inbred lines with multiple excellent agronomic characteristics were screened as parents, elite inbred lines induced by chemical hybridizing agent were produced as female parents, and hybridization was completed in isolated area, followed by strict pollination for hybrid seeds. From 2007 to 2015, totally 248 cross combinations were generated by this strategy, and 7 high-quality hybrid varieties were suscessfully cultivated in different ecological regions. All hybrid had comprehensive resistance, high yield and quality, with suitable growth period and mechanized harvesting features. Compared with CMS breeding, CIMS (chemical induced male sterility) could produce more hybrids simultaneously with high oil content and high yield. Among the 7 varieties bred by CIMS, the average oil content was 47.70%, the average hybrid seed yield was 2385.00 kg/hm². On the contrary, in the only variety bred by CMS, its oil content was 45.80%, with average hybrid seed yield of 1503.00 kg/hm². In summary, SX-1 induced CIMS was efficient on hybrid breeding for its wide ranges of parents, more cross combinations at one season, time- and laborsaving, which can provide hybrids in spring and supply in autum (or winter). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

通过使用化学杂交剂SX-1诱导型雄性不育系（CIMS）, 采用多母一父方式配制多个油菜杂交种并从中筛 选强优势组合, 以期快速培育成新品种并应用于生产。应用多个综合农艺性状优良的高代自交系为亲本, 利用化 学杂交剂SX-1诱导母本自交系为不育系, 与一个父本在隔离区内完成授粉结实, 并按照杂交种的生产要求进行组 合制种。2007-2015年, 用该方法累计配置杂交组合248个, 依据综合抗性、产量、品质、生育期及适宜机械化收获 等性状, 最终筛选培育出7 个适宜不同生态区种植的优质杂交种。用CIMS 两系法育成品种7 个, 平均含油量 47.70%, 制种平均单产2385.00 kg/hm², 而用细胞质雄性不育三系法育成品种1个, 平均含油量45.80%, 制种平均单 产1503.00 kg/hm2。与同期细胞质雄性不育的三系法育成的品种相比, 采用CIMS两系法育成的品种数量多、含油量 和制种产量高, 而且该方法亲本选择范围广、一次配制组合多、操作简单便捷、省时省工高效, 可实现当年制种当年 使用（春制冬用）, 从而有效缩短育种周期、提高育种效率、节约生产成本、促进示范推广, 是一种新型高效的育种方 法, 具有重要的科学价值和生产应用价值。. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]