Remedial Reading: -- a Dialect-Free Alternative; Three Studies.

A linear programed textbook, "Reading by Patterns: A Programmed Guide to Reading Sentences and Paragraphs," by Carl Lefevre, et al., is evaluated in three studies and found to be effective with remedial readers with nonstandard English dialects. The textbook is used in a tutorial program in which a tutor reads the directions and exercise materials while the student reads the text. The first study, involving 63 fourth graders, compared tutorial programs supplementing the Lippincott basal reading program which is primarily a phoneme-grapheme correspondence approach to word identification. Three types of supplemental tutoring were compared; material which reinforced the Lippincott basal program, "Reading by Patterns" read by adult paraprofessionals, and "Reading by Patterns" on prepared tape cassettes. The second study, involving 71 tenth and eleventh graders, compared the effects of "Reading by Patterns" with "Basic Reading Skills; Section Two: Comprehension." (BRS), both supplemented by listening skill instruction. The third study involved 42 students enrolled in a college remedial reading course and compared the effects of traditional tutoring with "Reading by Patterns." (MKM)